278 ■ CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Transport Systems, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Mitigation
Measures: A Study in Argentina
Olga Ravella, Cristian Matti, Nora Giacobbe, Laura Aon, and
Julieta Frediani
Th is paper aims to present the results of the analysis of greenhouse gas emis-
sions mitigation measures for diff erent modes of land transport in Argentina.
It traces eff orts to analyze diff erent transport patterns by applying a bottom-
up analysis from the study of interurban corridors and urban areas. Th is
type of analysis as well as the collection and organization of disaggregated
information is the fi rst attempt of this type in the country. Th e methodology
comprises two sets of activities: (1) the estimations of indicators on transport
patterns and their related emissions and (2) the formulation of scenarios to
analyze the potential impact of diff erent mitigation measures. Information
related to interurban corridors includes data on highways and geography
recorded at intervals with diff erent levels of activity, while several studies of
urban areas rely on contrasting compact and dispersed areas of the baseline
city and the extrapolation of data obtained to fi ve cities in the country. Th e
study analyzes four potential measures: mode transfer, lower speed, changes
in cargo transportation schedule, and good practices. Finally, limitations and
recommendations related to the study and application of the analyzed mea-
sures as well as further research required to improve this type of study are
suggested.
The Role of Intelligent Transport Systems for Demand Responsive
Transport
Robert Clavel, Elodie Castex, and Didier Josselin
Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) is a public transport system that pro-
vides the user with the advantages of both public transport and taxi services.
It was oft en considered as a marginal mode of transport reserved for areas
with low population densities. Since the end of the 1990s, the number of DRT
systems has been increasing consistently, with new investments in urban,
suburban, and rural spaces and with varying degrees of operational fl exibil-
ity. Th e fl exibility and effi ciency of DRT systems are infl uenced by several
factors, the most important being technological. Most of these technologi-
cal developments are in the fi eld of information and communication tech-
nologies (ICT). Th is paper illustrates the use of technology to improve DRT
effi ciency with two case studies from France (Pays du Doubs C entral and
Toulouse). Th e type and level of ICT used is strongly dependent on the type
of DRT service, its level of fl exibility, and its specifi c optimization problem.