APPENDIX ■ 277fi cient during the design process of a new building will promote the adaptation
of architectural design to the eff ects of climate change and thereby improve
resilience.
Opportunities and Challenges to Electrical Energy Conservation and
CO 2 Emissions Reduction in Nigeria’s Building Sector
John-Felix Akinbami and Akinloye Lawal
Using an energy demand model, MADE-II (Model for Analysis of Demand
for Energy), the electrical energy demand for household, commercial, and
industrial buildings over a long-term period was estimated for Nigeria based
on the concept of useful energy demand. Th is analytical tool uses a com-
bination of statistical, econometric, and engineering process techniques in
arriving at the useful electrical energy demand projections. Th e associated
CO 2 emissions were also estimated. Th ese projections reveal that the electri-
cal energy growth is enormous, especially considering the associated fi nan-
cial cost, and the estimated CO 2 emissions are also substantial. Th is study
therefore discusses the potentials for effi cient energy use in the buildings sec-
tor in Nigeria. In addition, obstacles to the full realization of energy-saving
potentials in the nation’s building sector are discussed. Finally, a framework
of strategies to overcome these obstacles, to promote energy conservation,
and thereby to enhance sustainable development in the nation’s built environ-
ment is suggested.
Indicators to Assess the Sustainability of Building Construction
Processes
Luc Floissac, Alain Marcom, Anne-Sophie Colas, Quoc-Bao Bui, and
Jean-Claude Morel
Th is paper proposes a way to assess the sustainability of building construction
processes. Th e impacts of building materials, energy and material consump-
tion, waste and nuisance generation, management of materials at end of life,
building construction organization, and social impacts are used to evaluate
sustainability. Indicators are proposed for each of these areas, and the results
from applying these indicators are assessed.
Th e case study presented here concerns the construction of three private
houses in a developed country (France). Th ese houses have the same architec-
ture, but each one uses a diff erent building process: local materials, standard
industrial productions, or “fashionable” industrial materials. Th is paper shows
that the proposed indicators can help to facilitate the choice of construction
materials with respect to sustainability.