INDEX ■ 291exposure to and impact of climate change
on, 198–202
opportunities and constraints for
adaptation, 211, 216–21
bottom-up approach for estimating emissions,
57–60
Bouyer, Julien, 274–75
Brainard, James, 165
Branson, Richard, 167
Brazil, 132, 133, 139, 141
Bristow, D., 280
Brocard, Pauline, 283
Brossard, Th ierry, 285
BRT. See bus rapid transit (BRT)
Bui, Quoc-Bao, 277
building sector, 5, 257, 261, 277
climate strategies in Chinese cities, 275–76
comparative analysis of emission sources
from, 62–63
and energy consumption, 130
energy standards for, 132–33, 154nn1–2
indicators to assess sustainability of, 277
built environments, 257, 259–62, 271–72
and climate change, 130–31
and enabling modes, 133–34
lessons learned from case studies on,
150–51
and modes of governing climate change,
147–48
overheating of, 276–77
partnerships in, 134–35
and provision modes, 133
regulation of, 132–33, 154nn1–2
and self-governance mode, 131–32
Bulkeley, Harriet, 7, 8, 9, 10, 125–59
business as usual (BAU) scenarios, 68–69
bus rapid transit (BRT), 94–99, 113, 139, 140
Butsch, Carsten, 193–224
C
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, 8, 125,
135, 148, 203
Cairo, simulations of impact of temperatures
on, 186–89
California Climate Action Registry (CCAR), 27
Canada, assessing governance and climate
change in, 282–83
Canadian Municipalities on Getting to
Carbon Neutral (G2CN), 280
capabilities, of individuals and households,
231, 232–33
Cape Town
adaptation capacity and responses of,
202–11
background concerning, 195–99
and built environment, 131, 135
exposure to and impact of climate change
on, 198–202
opportunities and constraints for
adaptation, 211, 216–21
sporting events in, 148–49
transport sector, 139
and urban infrastructures, 143–44, 145–47
car-based transport, 279–80
See also commuting trips
carbon accounting, 27
carbon-based energy pricing, 87
carbon-based investments, in transport
infrastructure, 102, 105–8
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, 31, 59,
271–72
and REAP approach, 260, 275
transport sector share of, 90
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) per passenger
kilometers traveled, 94–95, 100
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) per vehicle kilometer
traveled, 94
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e)
cities vs. national levels of, 55
generation of, 31
in industrial processes, 35
in urban forestry, 35
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) emission
per vehicle kilometer traveled, 94
Carbonnel, Armando, 280
carbon neutral, 167, 280
carbon signatures, 273–74
Cardot, Hervé, 285
Carmin, JoAnn, 9, 281–82
Carney, Sebastian, 15–54, 259–62
car ownership, 66, 67, 90, 99
Castex, Elodie, 278–79
Cavailhès, Jean, 285
CBDs. See central business districts (CBDs)
CBOs. See community-based organizations
(CBOs)
CCAR. See California Climate Action Registry
(CCAR)
CDM. See Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM)
central business districts (CBDs), 88, 119
as most common commuter destination, 110