World Bank Document

COMPARING MITIGATION POLICIES ■ 61

TABLE 3.2
Emission Values and Main Emission Indicators

London

New

York City Milan

Mexico
City Bangkok
Base year of emission values 2006 2005 2005 2000 2005
Total emissions
(million tons CO 2 e)a

44.2 63.1 7.0 33.5 42.8

Emissions per capita
(tons CO 2 e per capita)a

5.9 7.7 5.4 3.9 7.1

Emissions from the transport
sector per capita (tons
CO 2 e per capita)a

1.28 1.69 1.10 1.68 3.53

Emissions from the building
sector per capita (tons
CO 2 e per capita)a

4.19 5.94 4.22 0.93 2.48

Energy consumption
per capita (MWh per capita)b

20.7 24.6 21.7 10.9 20.0

Electricity consumption
per capita (MWh per capita)c

5.2 6.7 5.3 1.7 4.8

Carbon intensity of energy
consumption
(tons CO 2 e per GWh)d

284 310 250 317 300

Energy intensity
of GDP (kWh/$)b,e

0.45 0.47 0.61 0.76 2.55

GDP per ppp ($ per capita)e 46,200 52,800 35,600 14,300 7,845
Source: Authors for different source data:
a. BMA 2008; City of New York 2008b; IEFE 2009; Mayor of London 2007a; Pardo and Martínez 2006.
For London and Milan, emission values refer to CO 2 only.
b. AMA 2007; BMA 2008; Kennedy and others 2010; Mayor of London 2007b; Pardo and Martínez

2006. For Bangkok, the energy consumption value refers only to sectors for which GHG emissions were
      calculated.
      c. BMA 2008; City of New York 2008a; IEFE 2009; Mayor of London 2007b; Pardo and Martínez 2006.
      d. BMA 2008; IEFE 2009; Kennedy and others 2010; Mayor of London 2007a, 2007b; Pardo and
      Martínez 2006.
      e. OECD 2006, except for Bangkok (Yusuf and Nabeshima 2006).
      Note: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development indicators do not refer to the
      administrative boundaries of the cities, but to comparable areas that have been defi ned as follows: New
      York City as an area including New York county, nine other counties of New York state, and 12 counties
      of New Jersey; Milan as the province of Milan and seven adjacent provinces; Mexico City as the federal
      district of Mexico City and 53 adjacent districts; and London as Greater London and 10 adjacent counties.
      Bangkok seems to have an energy consumption index comparable to those of European cities, but this
      value may be affected by a signifi cant error according with an underestimation of Bangkok’s population.
      The National Institute of Development Administration estimated that Bangkok’s unregistered population
      could be around 3.2 million, compared with a total registered population of 5.6 million (NIDA 2000, in BMA
      and UNEP 2002).
      Per capita values have been calculated by authors. Sources for population values: BMA 2009; Comune
      di Milano 2007; GLA 2008b; U.S. Census Bureau. GDP = gross domestic product; GWh = gigawatt-hour;
      kWh = kilowatt-hour; MWh = megawatt-hour; ppp = parity purchasing power.