Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Re

f.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

*11. Münte et al. (131

-139)

Event

-Related Potentials

(ERP

) in Professional

Musicians

Cat

. 1: Pitch
Cat. 8: Musicians
12. Patel (140-143)
Rhythm in Language and Music
Cat
. 4: Rh

ythm

Cat. 7: Culture *13. Samson (144

-151)

Musical Timbre

Cat

. 3: Timbre
Cat. 11: Deficit

Neural correlates of processing of auditory stimuli: pitch, auditory space, time To test the idea that the linguistic rhy

thm of a culture

might leave

an imprint on its

musical rhythm Involvement of right and left temporal lobe areas and neural networks in timbre processing

1)

Single tones: Brief pure

• 
  

tone pips, 60 ms

ec.

2) Six sound sources, three in front, three to the right.

(SNI)

3) Real drum

sequence

CR: Neutral Notated music: Instrumental musical themes of 6 English and 10 French turn-

of-the-

century composers

CR: Western

Single sounds: Synthesized timbres

1) with s

pectral

changes:

one, four or eight

harmonics.

2) with temporal chang

es: 1,

100 and 190 ms

ec rise time

duration

CR: Neutral

1) 12 musicians, 10 with strings as primary instrument. 12 nonmusicians.

2) 7 conductors, 7 pianists, 7 nonmusicians.

3) 10 drummers, 10 woodwind players, 10 non

• 
  

musicians.

EEG while

listenin

g. Multichannel ERPs

using standard procedures

Quantitative measure of vowel duration variability and tone duration variability

Patients with unilateral temporal lobe lesions:

Same

-different recognition

test.

Review of EEG, MEG, PET and fMRI studies

EEG:

Differences in auditory

processing by string players, conductors and drummers.

ERP: Negative displacement (ND). Comparison of English versus French linguistic and musical rhythm

Possible contributions of right and left temporal lobe stru

ctures in timbre

perception

Qualitative

differences of

the neural correlates of auditory processing

betw

een non

-musicians

and musicians. D

ifferences

appear to be

shaped by

the

specific training of a musician

: conductors versus

pianists,, drummers versus woodwind players

(p. 131)

Tone durations are more variable in English than in French music. This tendency is similar to language

Support for involvement of right temporal lobe in timbre processing.

The

contr

ibution of left temporal

regions

is also appa

rent.

Suggestion: The different durations and frequencies heard within a musical context facilitate timbre perception