Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

25P. Schön & Besson

(193

-198)

Audiovisual music interactions

Cat. 8: Musicians

Cat

. 16: Audiovisual
*26P. Sittiprapaporn et al.
(199

-203)

Processi

ng of lexical tone

perception

Cat

. 7: Culture
27P. Stewart et al.

(204

-208)

Becoming a pianist Cat

. 10

: Training

Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

28P. Tillmann et al.

(209

-211)

Frontal cortex in musical priming Cat

. 2: Harmony
29P. Warren et al.

(212

-214)

An

alyzing pitch in human

brain

Cat. 1: Pitch

Determine if musicians can develop expectancies for plausible or im

plausible

auditory events on the sole basis of score

Difference in cere

bral

lateralization in preatten

tive

perception of native and non

• 
  

native words

Neural correlates of musical skill acquisition

Neural correlates of processing related and unrelated musical events

Representations of pitch chroma and pitch height in the human brain

Five

-note auditory musical

sequences, tonally stable or unstable

(SNI)

CR: Western

Consonant

-vowel syllables in

tonal languages: A Thai word and a Chinese morpheme

CR: Thai, Chinese

Live music:

Notated five

-note

melodies played on keyboard

CR: Western

8-chord sequences

(SNI)

, the

last chord strongly related (tonic) or unrelated (distant key)

CR: Western

Synthesized successive harmonic complexes. Pitch chroma and pitch height varied between successive complexes

CR: Neutral

Musicians were asked to judge whether

an

auditory

sequence matches or mismatches information simultaneously presented on a score 9 healthy native Thai speakers. Event

-Related

Potentials (ERP):

Mismatch

Negativity (MMN)

and

detection of scalp areas of maximal electric potential power. Oddball paradigm Musically naïve

subjects

attended music lessons for 15 weeks. Before and after learning:

fMRI while playing

melody on keyboard

fMRI while listening

10 normal subjects.

BOLD response measured in a sparse imaging fMRI protocol during passive listening

Variations in

Reaction time

and

Event

-Related Potentials

(ERP):

Early Right Anterior

Negativity (

ERAN

), N5, P300

due to plausibility of ending and match / mismatch MMN:

Preattentive responses

of native Thai speakers to native and non

-native words,

while reading

abook

Brain activation before and after 15 music lessons

Differences in activation.

Locations of activated network

Hypothesis: Pitch chroma and pitch height have distinct mappings in the human brain

Stable visual

endings create

stronge

r musical e

xpectancy

than

unstable visual endings

Hearing a native

-language

deviation elicits

greater

electric sources of the mismatch response

Training effect in right superior parietal cortex

(sensorimotor mapping)

Targets that violate expectations (low

probability

events)

induce increased

activation of

networks for

target detection and novelty processing.

Chroma is represented in cortical areas anterior to primary auditory cortex. Height is represented posterior to primary auditory cortex

Priming

is an

implicit memory

effect: Preceding exposure to a

stimulus

influences response to a subsequent stimulus

.

Sparse imaging

is a way of overcoming the considerable noise produced by the MRI scanner during measurement of the BOLD response (

Paper

No. 3:

Griffiths p.42)