Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

21P. Jones, S.J. (177

-179)

Evoked potentials of human auditory cortex

Cat. 2: Harmony Cat

. 3: Complex to

nes

22P. Jongsma et al.(180-

183)

Evoked potentials to test rhythm perception

Cat

. 4: Rhythm
Cat. 8: Musicians
23P. Neuhaus (184

-188)

Perceiving musical scale structures

Cat

. 7: Culture
24P. Schön et al. (189

-192)

Retrieval of musical intervals

Cat.

1: Pitch

Cat. 11: Deficit

Cortical processing of harmonic and inharmonic complex tones

How rhythmic information is processed in the brain by musicians and nonmusicians

Investigating the processing of musical scales from a cross

-cultural persp

ective

Dissociation between discrimination

and retrieval of

musical infor

mation in a

patient

with right hemisphere

lesion

Sequences of six complex harmonic or inharmonic tones, each made of four pure tones

CR: Neutral Bars of duple

• or triple-

mete

r

context followed by

a variable

probe beat

(SNI)

CR: Neutral Synthetic tones: F

our 7

-tone

scales

: major, minor, Thai

scale with equal steps, Turkish makam Hicaz

.

CR: Western, Thai, Turkish

Short musical sequences that could be used in both discrim

ination and

reproduction tasks

(SNI)

CR: Western

8 normally hearing subjects where tested while reading a book.

Evoked potentials: Obligatory N1 and P2 potentials, specified as CN1, CP2 and MN1, MP2 14 musicians, 14 non

• 
  

musicians.

Evoked potentials: P3 occurring when expectancy is violated

5 German, 5 Turkish, 5 Indian musicians.

Event

-Related Potentials

(ERP

): P300 component used

to indicate underlying cognitive processes

One patient with a right hemisphere lesion.

Pitch and rhythm:

discrimination a

nd

reproduction tasks

”C potentials” produced at onset of change. ”M potentials” produced at offset of change

How a mental represen

• 
  

tation of rhythm leads to expectancies of events in the near future

ERP:

Oddball paradigm: a

standard and a devia

nt

scale. Response of German, Turkish, Indian musicians

Due to right hemisphere lesion, impairment in tasks involving production of pitch intervals

Dis

cussion

Support of the view that temporal patterns are processed sequenti

ally in

nonmusician

s, hierarchi

cally in

musicians

Universal

mechanisms of

perception

are influenced by

culturally ”imprinted” musical contents

This patient shows a dissociation between pitch discrimination and pitch production