Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Roundtable II: A Common High

-Level Ground for Scientists and Musicians

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

*37. Bigand (304-312)

Musical expertise of untrained listeners

Cat

. 8: Musicians

and non-

musicians

Cat. 15: Musical structures

*38. Molinari et al. (313

-321)

Rhythmic motor entrainment

Cat

. 4: Timing
Cat. 8: Musicians
Cat. 11: Deficit 39. Radulescu (322

-363)

Brain

and sound resonance

Cat. 3: Complex sounds

Cat

. 2

1:

Creative project

40. Thaut (364

-373)

Rhythmic timing networks in brain

Cat

. 4: Timing
Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

To compare the abilites of musicians and non

-musicians

to process subtle changes in

musical structures

Better understanding

of the

brain timing mechanism, especially the cerebellar role of timing

Innovative creation of sound spectra

Neural networks involved in moto

r synchronization to

auditory rhythm

1) Pairs of melodies

2) Sequences of 14 chords

3) Excerpts from Haydn sonatas

4)

Newly composed

dodecaphonic canons

(SNI)

CR: Western, Atonal Western

Auditory rhythmic stimuli

(SNI)

CR: Not indicated

Complex spectra based on ring modulation,

producing

sum and difference tones

CR:

---

Metronome

-like pulse beat

sequences.

Random step

changes in tempo

CR: Neutral

Groups of musicians and non

• 
  

musicians.

1) Judgment of musical tension for each melody note

2) Response to target chords

3-4) Memorization and comparison tas

ks

a)

Patients with cerebellar

damage. Tasks:

1)

Consciously detect rhythm

change

s in the stimulus

2) Tap in syn

chrony with the

stimulus

. b) fMRI study of

musicians and nonmusicians. Task = 2)

Mathematical operations describing spectral self-gener

ative processes

Various experiments.

1) MEG and 2) PET

during

finger tapping in synchrony with pulse-

beat sequences

Processing of musical structures (in contrast to musical tones)

Different neural circuits that can process time information. Partici

pation of cerebellar

processing

Composition of spectral music

1) M100 component of the brain magnetic field 2) Basic neural network underlying rhythmic synchonization

M100 is the MEG Brain response indicated at the surface of the scalp by magnet

peak of amplitude,

occurring approximately 100ms after the onset of the stimuli.

Untrained listeners exhibit sophisticated musical abilities similar to those of musical experts

. Mere

exposure is sufficient for developing auditory expertise

Different levels of time

proces

sing exist, one

conscious and one not

Creative project

1) Auditory rhythms rapidly entrain motor responses

2)

A widely distributed

cortical and subcortica

l

network sub

serves

the

motor, sensory, and cognitive aspects of

rhythm

processing

(p. 371)