Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Part II: Poster Papers

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

41P. Khalfa et al. (374

-376)

Music, stress, and salivary cortisol

Cat

. 18:

Bodily impact

42P. Lancelot et al.

(377

-380)

Temporal lobe resection in short-

term memory

Cat

. 6: Animal sounds
Cat. 14: Memory
43P. Quoniam et al.
(381

-384)

Melodic memory in

Alzheimer’s disease

(AD)

and

depression

Cat

. 11: Deficit
Cat. 14: Memory 44P. Gaab and Schlaug
(385

-388)

Brain activation in musicians

Cat

. 1: Melody
Cat
. 8: Musicians

Effect of relaxing music for recovery after a psychologically stressful task To investigate auditory spatial and non

-spatial short-

term

memory

(STM)

Impact of emotional deficits on implicit and explicit memory

Different brain activation in musicians and non

-musicians

Recordings:

Relaxing

music

excerpts from Enya, Vangelis and Yanni

via loudspeakers

CR: Western popular Bird songs

CR: Nature

Novel but conventional melodies

(SNI)

CR: Western

Sequences of 6

-7 tones

(SNI)

CR: Not indicated

24 francophone male university students. Measurement of salivary cortisol before and after stressful task

Patients: 9 had undergone right, 10 h

ad undergone left

temporal lobe resection.

Two tasks: 1) Auditory object discrimination: same or different? 2)

Location

discrimination:

Identical or

different?

10 AD patients, 10 depressed patients, 16 controls.

1) Study phase: Presentation of melodies 1, 5 or 10 times. 2) Preference task

3) Recognition task

10 musicians, 10 non

• 
  

musicians.

Sparse fMRI during

pitch

memory task: same or different?

Difference between music listening and silence during recovery period

Difference

be

tween p

atients

with left and right temporal lobe removal

Differences between

Alz

heimer’s disease patients

and elderly depressed patients

Localization of brain activation

Cortisol

in the saliva

decreased more rapidly

in

subjects exposed to music

Right temporal

lesions:

impaired object discrimination.

Left temporal lesions: impaired location discrimination

Impaired recognition in Alzheimer patients.

Impaired emotional processing of positive stimuli in depressed patients

Musicians: greater right posterior

temporal activat

ion.

Non

-musicians: greater

activation of left secon

dary

auditory cortex

Explicit memory:

Memory in which there is a need for conscious recollection in order to recall something.

By contrast, in

implicit memory

there is a lack of conscious awareness in the act of recollection.

Priming

is an

implicit memory

effect: Exposure to a

stimulus

influences response to a subsequent stimulus