Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material

, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

49. Pantev et al. (438-

450)

Music and cortical plasticity

Cat

. 10: Training
Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

50. Oerter (451

-460)

Correlates of exceptional performance

Cat. 8: Musicians

Cat

. 10: Training
51. Magne et al. (461

-476)

Prosody and melody

Cat

. 6: Phonetic sounds
Cat. 8: Musicians

To investigate changes that occur in the human auditory cortex when a skill is acquired

Discussion of the issue of exceptional performance

Comparing the prosodic level of processing in language with the melodic level of processing in music

1)

Melody of 8 synthe

sized

harmonic complex tones

.

Each tone could be perceived according to either the spectrum frequencies (spectral pitch) or the virtual pitch corresponding to the missing fundamental frequency.

2)

Single

violin and

trumpet

tones

3) Five

-note melodies

and

sequences of pure tones

CR: Western

None. Review of theories and research

CR:

---

Sentences and m

usical

phrases

(SNI)

with or without

pitch violation at the end

CR: Western

1)

10 subjects were

intensively trained, until they were able to perceive the virtual pitch melody.

MEG

during listening to melodies be

fore and after training.

2) MEG during lis

tening with

or without tactile stimulation

3) MEG:

Magnetic mismatch

response (

MMNm

) to

standard and deviant melodies References to PET and MRI results

A group of adults and a group of 7

-9 year old chldren. Half of

each group were musicians. EEG d

uring task: To

determine

if the pitch of the

final word or note

is

congruous or incongruous

1) Effect of training 2) Testing auditory plus tactile stimulation

3) Neural mechanisms for automatic encoding of melodic features

Roles of genetic fact

ors,

gene-

environment interaction,

neurobiological findings, deliberate practice

Adults and 7-

9 year old

children: Comparison of musicians and non

-musicians

Musical training affects a network of brain ar

eas

involved in stimulus encoding, cross

-modal in

tegration,

and

deviance detection

Genetic conditions of musical talent must join deliberate practice and a supportive social network

Musical expertise clearly seems to facilitate the detection of pitch violation in language