Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.02 Survey of The Neurosciences a

nd Music I

I

Conference 2005

From Perception to Performance

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

7. Schön et al. (71

-81)

Song Perception

Cat. 5: Song

8P. G

aab et al. (82

-88)

Neural correlates of rapid processing Cat. 8: Musicians

9P. Schönwiesner et al.

(89

-92)

Spectral and temporal processing Cat. 3: Complex sounds

10P. Moreno & Besson

(93

-97)

Musical Training and Pitch Processing

Cat. 6: Language

Cat.

10: Training

Understanding whether the different levels of music and language processing are independent or interactive

To investigate if musical training alters the functional anatomy of rapid spectrotemporal processing

To i

dentify cortical ar

eas

in

which the functional magnetic resonance covaries with spectral and temporal acoustic complexity

To determine whether eight weeks of musical training

based on pitch processing could help 8

-year old children

detect pitch changes in language

1) Pa

irs of spoken words,

sung words, vocalises and noises.

2-3) Pairs of sung words

CR: French

Three

-tone sequences

comprising two complex tones (SNI)

CR: Neutral Novel n

oise

-like stimuli

differing in temporal complexity and spectral complexity, but no

t in

bandwidth and energy

CR: Neutral Short sentences from children’s books. Fundamental frequency of final word manipulated to create weak or strong pitch violation. CR: French

Nonmusician participants. 1) fMRI:

same or different

judging task

2)

Event

-related brain

potential (

ERP

): same or

different

judging task: a)

focusing on words b) focusing on melody

3) fMRI: same tasks as 2)

20 musicians and 20 non

• 
  

musicians. Task:

Listen and reproduce

the order of the tones

by

button press.

19 normal subjects.

fMRI, sparse imaging. Ten stimulus conditions and silent condition presented in random order

.

10 children with musical training, 10 with painting training

.

EEG:

Event

-Related Potential

(ERP

); Reaction time.

Task:

Determine if final words

sounded normal

or strange.

Cerebral structures involved in song processing.

Relationship between the linguistic and musical dimensions of song

Potential effect of musical training for improving language and reading skills

Acoustic basis of the hemispheric lateralization

of speech / music perception

Effect of musical training on language skill

Linguistic and musical dimensions of songs are processed by similar, overlapping brain areas

.

The use of simple material (pairs of stimuli) may limit the scope of the conclusion. Need for research based on

more

ecological materials

Musical training may enhance skills essential to language and reading

Left

Superior Temporal

Gyrus (

STG

) activity

covaries

preferentially

with

temporal modulation, Right STG activity w

ith spectral

modulation Some evidence for an influence of music training on pitch processing in language after eight weeks of training