Appendix 3.02 Survey of The Neurosciences a
nd Music I
I
Conference 2005
From Perception to Performance
Part III. Mental Representations
9 papers
Title, Category
Aim
Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.
Technology & Procedure
Main focus of interest
Conclusion
- Tillmann (100
-110)
Tonal knowledge in nonmusicians
Cat. 13: Expectation
*12. Janata (111
-124)
Brain networks that track musical structure
Cat. 13: Attention
Cat. 1
8: Bodily i
mpact
- Rauschecker (125
-135)
Neural encoding of sound sequences
Cat. 13: Anticipation
Cat. 14: Memory
- Platel (136
-147)
Semantic and episodic musical memory
Cat. 14: Memory
Investigation of implicitly acquired tonal knowledge: musical e
xpectations in
nonmusicians
1) To i
llustrate that brain
responses to musical stimuli depend on tasks and methods 2)
To identify
brain regions
that follow the m
ovement
of a
melody through tonal space ’ To contribute to the
under
standing of processin
g
and storage of tone sequences in the cerebral cortex
To determine the neural substrates underlying the semantic and episodic components of music using familiar and nonfamiliar tunes
Recent study: Musical material played with instrumental timbres
or sung
with artificial syllables.
CR: Western
Recorded music:
1) Schubert
piano trio, 15 sec. excerpt
2) Composed melody that systematically moves through 24 major and minor keys CR: Western
Recorded music:
1)
Sound
tracks from each subject’s favorit
e CD
2) Repeated three
-tone
sequences
(ABA)
, variable
frequency separation between A and B
(SNI).
CR: Western /
Western popular
64 famili
ar and 64 unfamiliar
melodies,
5 sec, flute timbre
CR: Western
Priming paradigm: Relationships between priming con
text
and target
event are systematically manipulated. Speed of processing is measured
fMRI.
1)
Listeners orient their
attention to a single instrument or to the whole
2) Listeners perform a tonal
deviance judgment task or a timbral-
deviance detection
task
1) Humans: fMRI during silent anticipation of next CD track 2) Monkeys: recording of single-
unit
neural
responses
to ABA tone patterns in primary auditory cortex
Nine healthy young men, common listeners.
PET during tasks:
1)
Semantic memory: is the extract familiar or not?
2)
Episodic m
emory
: Do you
recognize this
melody
from
task 1? 3) Control: Same or different final pitches? 4) Rest
Extensive review of research
.
Recent study: To i
solate
neural correlates of musical structure violation
1) Influence of task de
mands
on brain processes
2) Functions of the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (RMPFC)
. Correlation of heart
rate and respiration with Blood O
xygenation Level
Dependent (BOLD) response
in the brain
1)
Difference between
anticipating f
amiliar music vs.
waiting for unfamiliar music
2) Monkey neuron’s responses to one
-stream and
two-
stream perception
Activated brain regions; differences between hemispheres
Inferior frontal regions are sensitive to musical expectancy violations and involved in the processing of music
-syntactic relationships
1) Task demands shape the brain’s processing of music
.
2)
Significant
correlation of heart rate and respiration with BOLD.
Hypothesis: The RMPFC is
a
locus at which music and auto
biographi
cal memories
are bound together
.
1)
Anticipator
y musical
imagery activates
left anterior
prefrontal cortex
(Brodmann
area 10),
cerebellum
, and
other regions
.
2) Correspondence b
etween
changes in neural response and perception
1-2) Functional asym
metry in
favor of left hemisphere for semantic memory, right hemisphere dominance for episodic retrieval. 3
-4)
Bil
ateral activation in pitch
judg
ment, more on right side