Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.02 Survey of The Neurosciences a

nd Music I

I

Conference 2005

From Perception to Performance

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology &

Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

15. Tramo et al. (148

-174)

Pitch perception and the auditory cortex

Cat. 1: Pitch

16. Hodges et al.
    (175

-185)

Integration of visual and auditory information Cat. 8: Musicians

Cat. 16: Audiovisual

17P. Baumann et al.

(186

-188)

Network for sensory

-motor

integration

Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

18P. Lahav et al. (189

-194)

The power of listening

Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

To contribute to

correcting

longstanding misconc

eptions

about the func

tion

al role of

auditory cortex in frequency discrimination and pitch perception

To examine multisensory processing in conductors and a mat

ched set of control

subjects

What happens in the auditory cortex during piano playing without acoustic feedback?

To test musically naive subjects’ potential to achieve a functional linkage between actions and sounds

Selections of pure tones and harmonic tones with and without energy at the fundamental frequency

applied in a large number of reviewed experiments

CR: Neutral Sinus

tones

Visual stimuli (LED)

Broadband noise bursts

CR: Neutral 1)

Material for performance

task:

Mozart:

Sonata Facile

and scales

for silent

performance

2)

Recorded

music:

Listening to recordings

of the Mozart Sonata and scales

. CR: Western

Material for performance task: Five

-note

musical piece

to be played with right hand on piano keyboard, and

to be

listened to passively

CR: Western

Comprehensive critical review of literature

from the past 50

years. Discussion of cortical mecha

nisms mediating pitch

perception

. 108 references

10 conductors, 10 musically untrained controls.

Behavioral

tasks: 1)

Pitch discrimination

2) Tempo

ral-

order judgment

(TOJ) 3) TOJ with multisensory cues

4) Target localization

fMRI: Task 3) repe

ated

fMRI during pure motor tasks and pure listening tasks. 7 pianists, 7 non

-musicians

58 non-

musicians.

1) Learning sessions, pitch recognition test. 2) Three groups:

a) listened pas

sively

to the same piece b) listen

ed

to nature sounds c) got ad

ditional practice

1) Gross and microana

• 
  

tomical distribution of cortical mechanisms

2) Candidate neural coding schemes

Integration of auditory and visual information

Audiomotor integration: Information transfer between auditory and motor cor

tices

Testing the effect of passive listening on music performance

1)

Pitch change detection and

pitch direction discrimination

are different functions

2) The cortical code for pitch is not likely to be a function of simple rate profiles or synchronous temporal patterns.

Conductors are more accurate in all tasks.

fMRI: Cortex Brodmann Areas BA 37, 39/40 implicated in conductors’ superio

r

mul

tisensory performance

Piano playing movements activate

secondary audi

tory

cortex

. Listening evokes

activity in secondary motor regions

1) A single piano session facilitates pitch recognition

2) Passive listening to music improves motor performance