Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.02 Survey of The Neurosciences a

nd Music I

I

Conference 2005

From Perception to Performance

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology

& Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

*40. Schneider et al. (387

-394)

HG and musical instrument preference

Cat. 8: Musicians

*41P.

Bermudez & Zatorre

(395

-399)

Differences in gray matter

Cat. 8: Musicians

42P.

Chen et al. (400

-403)

Tapping in synchrony to auditory rhythms

Cat. 4: Rhythm Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

43P.

Zarate & Zatorre (404

• 
  

408)

Neural substrates

Cat. 5: Song

Cat. 17: Sensory

-motor

To classify music liste

ners,

including profes

sional

musicians, as fundamental or spectral pitch listeners, and to

investigate

their neural basis

To examine differences in cerebral morphology b

etween

musicians and non

-musicians

To examine how synchronizing movements to auditory rhythms affects behavioral performance and neural acti

vity

To determine the neural substrates governing audiovocal integration for vocal pitch regulation in singing

144 pairs of

synthesized

complex tones, wh

ich may be

perceived as a funda

mental

pitch or as single

harmonics

of the complex tone

CR: Neutral

No particular musical material. CR:

---

Woodblock sound. Three auditory rhythms: metric simple, metric complex, nonmetric

CR: Neutral Five target notes

(SNI)

CR: Neutral

1) n= 463. Task: identify the dominant direction of pitch shift in tone pairs

2) in a subgroup, n= 87:

MRI and MEG to demon

• 
  

strate neural differences

MRI of 52 nonmusicians and 43 musicians. Voxel

-based

morphometry

Task: Tap in synchrony with rhythm. fMRI during tapping

fMRI during Task: To sing ba

ck note a) normal b) wit

h

200 cents shifted audit

ory

feedback c) instructed to correct for pitch shift

1) classification in fundamental and spectral listeners, and 2) their differences in gray matter volume of left and right Heschl’s gyrus, plus functional P50m activity Dif

ferences in gray matter

(GM) concentration btw. musicians and non

-musicians

Tapping performance and BOLD covariation as a function of increasing rhythm complexity

Differences in neural substrates involved

Fundamenta

l pitch listeners

exhibit a pro

nounced

leftward asymmetry, spectral pitch listeners a pronounced rightward asymmetry

Greater GM conc

entration

in musicians in the right lateral surface of

the

Superior Temporal Gyrus

Increasing comp

lexity results

in more asynchro

nous

tapping, and i

ncreas

ed

activity in cerebellum and premotor cortex

Increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex

and

insula in tasks that sp

ecifically

require monitoring of auditory feedback and pitch control