Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

12S

. Cohen et al.

(112

-115)

Cross-

cultural research in the

acquisition of singing Cat. 5: Song

Cat. 7: Culture 13S

. Hutchins & Campbell
(116

-120)

Time to reach target frequency in singing

Cat. 1: PItch Cat

. 5: Song
14S
. Loui & Schlaug
(121

-125)

Investigating musical disorders with DTI

Cat. 11: Disorder

15S

. Mesz & Eguia
(126

-130)

Time

-frequency model for

pitch of vibrato tones

Cat. 1: Pitch

Cat. 3: Complex tones

To propose a test battery of singing s

kills

and a protocol

for obtaining audiovisual information reflecting aspects of the ability to sing

To describe a new technique for estimating the time to reach a target frequency in singing (TRTF)

To investigate the connectivity of the

Arcuate Fasci

culus

(AF) using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

To study vibrato as the manifestation of a non-stationary tone that can evoke a single overall pitch, by means of time

-frequency

representations (TFR)

, which

provide accurate representations of rapidly changing sounds

Task material:

11 components, including singing back intervals and scales, familiar and unfamiliar songs, improvisation and free composition

. CR: Western

Task material:

Participants sing back the pitch of the final tone in a short melod

y

CR: Western

No musical material

CR:

---

Frequency

-modulated

sinusiods

CR: Neutral

Two researchers administ

ered the battery to 12

children

age 3, 5 and 7, and

8 adults

. Sessions were

videotaped

An adaptive windowing time

• 
  

freu

qency estimation m

ethod

performed using MATLAB software

Acquiring anatomical images using Structural MRI with DTI.

Participants: 12 subjects, 6 tone-

deaf and 6 controls

Four subjects, varying degree of musical training, ages 25

• 
  

38 years.

Task: to match the

pitch of

the modulated tone

and an unmodulated sinusiod

To develop a digital library for storing audiovisual data of singing : Children’s Inter

• 
  

national Media Exchange for Singing (CHIMES)

.

To examine the way singers correct an inaccurate ini

tial

pitch, and the

ir trajectory

through pitch space

Tractography to reconstruct white

-matter tracts, especially

the Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in the frontal and temporal lobes

Some results suggest that the perceived pitch could be

governed by some stability

• 
  

sensitive mechanism

Data analysis

in progress

For analyzing sung vocal production, this method has advantages compared with onset latency (OL) measures

Musically tone

-de

af

individuals, who show impairments in pitch dis

crimination, have

reduced connectivity in the AF compared to musically normal

-functioning control

subjects

A recently proposed time

• 
  

frequency representation (TFR) could be the simplest framework to explain this hypothetical stability

-sensitive

mechanism