Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

34. Samson et al.

(245

-255)

Emotional power of music in memory disorders

Cat. 11: Disorder

Cat. 14: Memory

Cat. 19: Emotion

35. Peretz et al. (

256-

265)

Musical lexical networks

Cat. 13: Recognition

Cat. 14: Memory

36S

. Akiva

-Kabiri et al.

(266

-269)

Music

-length effect in tonal

pitch memory

Cat. 14: Memory

37S

. Gosselin et al.
(270

-272)

Impaired memory for pitch i

n

amusia Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 14: Memory

To assess the influence of emotion on memory for music in 1)

normal participa

nts

2) patients with intractable Temporal Lobe E

pilepsy

(TLE)

3) patients with

Alzheimer’s disease AD)

To identify the neural corr

elates of the major

processing components involved in the recognition of a familiar tune

To investigate the nature of musical working memory To assess the possibility that individuals suffering from congenital amusia have pitch memory deficits

Recorded music:

1 & 2) 28 nonfamiliar musical excerpts eliciting sadness, peacefulness, fear, and happiness

. 3a) 3 popular

songs with lyrics, 3 excerpts of film music, 3 short stories

.

3b) 8 excerpts of film music, half ”happy”, half ”sad”, and 8 10-

line poems. CR: Western,

Western popular Synthesized piano sound:

a) 28 familiar instrumental melodies, 8,5 sec.

b)

28 unfamiliar melodies:

retrograde adaptations of the familiar melodies.

c)

28 random sequences of

tones taken from the melodies

CR:

Western

Pair

s of isochronous tone

sequences in C major.

(SNI)

Four categories:

Short and slow, short and fast. Long and slow, long and fast.

CR: Western

1) Two

single tones separated

by a) a retention interval b) 6 distractor tones. 2) Two sequence

s of 1, 3, or 5 tones

(SNI)

CR: Neutral

1) 10 normal nonmusicians. Task: identify emotion by multiple

-choice 2)

8 patients

suffering from TLE, same task 3a) 6

AD

patients: After 10

exposure sessions, Task: ”Do you know this?”

3b) 13

new

AD patients: After 8 exposure sessions, same task

9 women (Quebec) with little musical education.

fMRI

scanning of BOLD response to a) b) c), and silence in randomized order. After scanning, familiarity judgment task on a) mixed with b) in random order

8 subjects without musical training. Same / different task

9 amusics, 9 controls.

Same / different task

2) Depth electrode recordings: Whether patients with medial TLE would present a deficit in recog

• 
  

nizing emotionally arousing material.

3) Whe

ther

the

feeling of familiarity will be higher with musical than with verbal materials

Comparison of cerebral responses to familiar versus

unfamiliar music

Whether musical working memory can be explained by the classical explanation of the word len

ght effect in the

verbal domain

Interference and length effects on pitch retention accuracy

2) Recognition of scary music was

impaired in TLE patients.

3)

Patients with AD, despite

their severe explicit memory and language difficulties, can create

new musical

representations in conceptual memory

Comparing familiar music to unfamiliar music, we found focal and bilateral activation in the Superior Temporal Sulcus

(STS) with a right

-hemisphere

bias. This region probably contains musical lexical networks

Recognition of musical information is affected by both number of items and rate of presentation. Long sequences are better recognized with faster presentation. Word lenght effect does not explain results

Amusics’ performance on both tasks impaired relativ

e to

controls. Results confirm the presence of a pitch memory problem in congenital amusia