Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. M

aterial, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

47S

. Boso et al.

(332

-335)

Musical taste in persons with severe autism

(Italy)

Cat. 11: Disorder

Cat. 19: Preference

48S

. Dellacherie et al.
(336

-341)

Musical emotion and intracranial recordings

Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 2: Consonance / Dissonance

49S

. Drapeau et al.
(342

-345)

Recognition of emotions in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

(DAT)

Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 19: Emotion

50S

. Egermann et al.
(346-

350)

Social feedback on emotion

Cat. 7: Culture Cat. 19. Emotion

To explore whether autistic persons judge pleasant and unpleasant music in an unusual manner Single

-case study: To

investigate event-

related

potentials (ERPs) recorded by intrac

ranial Electroencepha

• 
  

lography (EEG) in an epilepitc patient

To assess emotional recog

nition from nonverbal

mediums of communication (face, voice, music) in mild

DAT To investigate whether music

• 
  

induced emotional effects can be manipulated by socia

l

feedback

Recorded music:

1) 3 popular songs, often presented on radio and TV

versus environmental sounds

(sea, wind, fire)

2) 3 excerpts of pleasant versus 3 excerpts of unpleasant music

CR: Western

Organ or synthesizer sounds:

48 3-

tone dissonant ch

ords,

composed of minor and major seconds. 48 consonant sou

nds: 24 major, 24 minor

triads

CR: Western

Recorded music:

56 novel instrumental clips from the film genre, intended to induce happiness, sadness, fear, and peacefulness

CR: Western

, W. popular

Recorded music:

23 music excerpts selected to represent four emotional characters: negative or positive valence, low or high arousal

CR: Western

11 ASD adults, mean age 27 years. Absence of language.

Controls: 1) 6 subjects.

2) 5 subjects. Mean age 29 years

One 35

-year old epileptic

patient, nonmusician. Recording of ERPs in 1) auditory areas, 2) orbito

• 
  

frontal cortex, 3) amygdal

a

and anterior cingulate gyrus

7 patients with mild DAT. 16 elderly matched controls. Musical Task: Rate expressed emotion on a 10

• 
  

point scale. Also Facial Expressions Task, and Prosody Task

3315 participants on web. All listened to 5 randomly chosen excerpts.Task: After each excerpt, rate induced emotions

by moving sliders

on screen between

1) ”un-

pleasant” and ”pleasant”.

2)

”calming” and ”arousing”

Time spent 1) in the familiar music condition versus the environmental sounds condition. 2) In the pleasant music condition versus

the

unpleasant music condition

ERPs: Differences between consonant and dissonant chords, and between major and minor chords

Preservation of emotional recognition from face, voice, and music

Visitors were randomly directed to 1) control group

or 2) group presented with manipulated social feedback during music listening: displa

y

of information about preceding ratings

Both groups preferred the musical task and the pleasant music condition. No difference detected.

Autistics share

with healthy

people the

preferences for plea

sant

music

Sequential involvement of brain structures

in implicit

emotional judgment of musical dissonance. ERPs:

1) 200 msec. 2)

500-

1000

msec. 3) 1200

-1400 msec.

Major/minor changes induced ERPs only in orbitofrontal cortex.

In DAT patients, emotional recognition from voice and music was well preserved. Only emotional recogni

tion

from the face was impaired

Feedback significantly influenced participants’ ratings in the manipulated direction compared to the group without feedback