Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Part V. Emotions and Music: Normal and Disordered Development

(43

-55)

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

43. Saccuman & Scifo
    (297

-307)

MRI and auditory processing in infancy

Cat. 9: Child development

44. Brattico & Jacobsen
    (308

-317)

Subjective appraisal of music

Cat. 19: Emotion, preference *45. Heaton & Allen (318

-325)

Musical experience in autism

Cat. 11: Disorder

Cat. 19:

Preference

*46S

. Allen et al.

(326

-331)

Experience of music in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Cat. 11: Disorder

To review studies that have used MRI techniques to elucidate the anatomic and functional correlates of auditory processing in infancy

To review studies on the neural determinants of sub

• 
  

jective affective processes of music, contrasted with early automatic processes linked to the objective universal properties of music

To discuss musical ability, understanding and affinity in chi

ldren and adults diagnosed

with Autism, Down syndrome and Williams syndrome

To examine the nature of the personal experiences of music in high-

functioning

adults on the autism spectrum

No particular musical material, many different studies

CR:

---

Review of a

variety of

studies, including classical, pop and rock music.

One study by Brattico et al.: Simple 5

-chord cadences,

Western style. Last chord conventional, blatantly deviant, or ambiguous

(SNI)

CR: Western, Western popular

Recorded music:

Various studies. One study by Heaton et al.: Classical instrumental extracts

CR: Western

Recorded music:

Classical and popular

music

selected by participants

CR: Western, Western popular

Review of 86 studies. Concise overview of techniques. Structural MRI

, functional

fMRI,

Diffusion Tensor

Imaging (DTI):

Directionality

of tissue water diffusion

Review of 71 studies.

The study by

Brattico et

al:

EEG: Event

-Related

Potentials (ERP) elicited by ”disliked” and ”incorrect” stimuli Heaton et al. study: Pa

rtici

• 
  

pants with autisms and Down syndrome. Task: Match music with drawings representing feeling states and movement states

Semi

-structured inte

rviews

with 12 adults, ages 21

-65, 9

with Asperger’s syndrome, 3 with autism

The hemispheric speciali

• 
  

zation for the processing of complex auditory stimuli in infants

. Volume of gray

matter, myelinated and unmyelinated white matter

The evaluative judgments of music by subjects according to its

aesthetic

and structural values. Music

-specific emotions

felt by liste

ne

rs, and

conscious liking. Influence of s

ocio-

cultural context

Autistic adults have extremely diverse motivations for listening to music

Development of musical interests. Motivations for engaging with music. Characteristics of ch

osen

music. Use of

descriptive

terms, especially valency terms versus arousal terms

MRI has been successfully used from the first hours after birth, providing informative data on auditory processing and its anatomic underpinnings

The study by Brattico et al. suggests

a neural dissociation

between cognitive and affective judgments

Intellectual impairment in handicapped listeners does not appear to limit individual

benefits from the

experience of listening

to

music

ASD persons use music in several ways similar to typically developing people: mood change, self

• 
  

manage

ment for

depressi

on, and social

affiliation.

Descriptions:

Almost no valency terms. Arousal terms prominent, excitement or exhilaration is a desired state