Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.03 Survey of The Neurosciences

and Music III Conference 2008

Disorders and Plasticity

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Con

clusion

79. Kraus et al.

(543

-557)

Experience

-induced

Malleabillity in speech and Music

Cat. 1: Pitch

Cat. 3: Timbre

Cat. 4: Timing Cat. 11: Deficit Cat. 16: Audiovisual

To present studies of auditory brain stem

responses

(ABR)

to pitch, timbre and tim

ing

in

different groups of subjects:

a)

Musicians and non

• 
  

musicians.

b)

Speakers of English and of

Mandarin Chinese, in which tone contour has semantic meaning.

c) Auditory

-Processing

Disorder (APD) in learning

• 
  

impaired population.

Co

chlear Implant (CI)

users

Examples

of material

:

a)

Recorded music:

Audiovisual paradigm: Same material presented

audio-

visually (

AV

), auditory alone

(A), and visually alone (V)

b) 3 Mandarin tone contours: level, rising, and dipping

CR: Western, Chinese

Review of various studies. 80 references.

Technology:

The auditory

brain stem response (ABR), a highly replicable far

-field

potential recorded from surface electrodes placed on the scalp, reflects the acoustic properties of the sound stimulus with remarkable fidelit

y.

(p. 544)

c) clinical tool: Biological Marker of Auditory Processing (BioMARK)

Subcortical representation of pitch, timbre and timing.

Differences between defined groups of subjects.

Malleability affected by lifelong expe

rience and short

• 
  

term training

Musically trained subjects have enhanced subcortical representations of pitch, timbre and timing.

Subcortical processes are dynamic and not hardwired.

Auditory sensory processing interacts with visual and motor influences and is influenced by langu

age and music

experience.

LIkely top

-down influence

on auditory processing

by

exten

-sive circuitry of

efferent fibers that descend from the cortex to the cochlea