Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.04 Survey of

The Neurosciences and Music I

V

Conference 2011

Learning and Memory

Workshop 1:

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

(1-4)

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.

Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

1. Amir Lahav
   New imaging methods and auditory protection for neonates
   Cat. 9: Child development
   2. Laurel Trainor
   Musical experience, plasticity and maturation: issues in measuring developmental change using electro
   
   
   • 
     
   
   
   
   

physiology (EEG) and magneto

-encephalography

(MEG)

Cat. 9: Child develo

pment

3. Sandra Trehub
   Current behavioural methods with infants
   Cat. 9: Child development
   4. Nadine Gaab
   Current fMRI methods with children
   Cat. 9: Child development

Review of recent imaging

methods used to study brain development in extremely vulnerable preterm infants

< 32 weeks gestation

Changes in brain processing with age and

specific

experience can be studied noninvasively

in infants and

young children using EEG and

MEG

A number of behavioral measures will be outlined, both those that have been used in published research and those that could be used profitably in the future

Review of useful pediatric imaging and analyses tools and presentation of a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children and

infants

fMRI

EEG, MEG

fMRI

The implementation of a newborn

-friendly imaging

protocol, protection from scanner noise and the need for o

btaining high-

resolution

images

EEG and MEG can be

analyzed with a wide variety of techniques,

including

traditional time

-waveform

analyses,

frequency analyses

(e.g., beta and gamma band oscillations)

and machine

learning algorithms

Neural measures, which are becoming increasingly popular in infancy, are often uninterpretable in the

absence of behavioral measures

Various strategies and techniques as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young childre

n

during neuroimaging sessions

Measures have to be repea

table and reliable. Be

vigilant about validity and reliability, e.g. of the ”head

turning procedure”

Play therapy, behavioral approaches and simulation, the use of mock scanner areas, basic relaxation and a combination of these

techniques have all been shown to improve the participant’s compliance and thus MRI data quality