Appendix 3.04 Survey of
The Neurosciences and Music I
V
Conference 2011
Learning and Memory
Workshop 1:
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
(1-4)
Title, Category
Aim
Mus. Material, Cultural Ref.
Technology & Procedure
Main focus of interest
Conclusion
- Amir Lahav
New imaging methods and auditory protection for neonates
Cat. 9: Child development
2. Laurel Trainor
Musical experience, plasticity and maturation: issues in measuring developmental change using electro
physiology (EEG) and magneto
-encephalography
(MEG)
Cat. 9: Child develo
pment
- Sandra Trehub
Current behavioural methods with infants
Cat. 9: Child development
4. Nadine Gaab
Current fMRI methods with children
Cat. 9: Child development
Review of recent imaging
methods used to study brain development in extremely vulnerable preterm infants
< 32 weeks gestation
Changes in brain processing with age and
specific
experience can be studied noninvasively
in infants and
young children using EEG and
MEG
A number of behavioral measures will be outlined, both those that have been used in published research and those that could be used profitably in the future
Review of useful pediatric imaging and analyses tools and presentation of a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children and
infants
fMRI
EEG, MEG
fMRI
The implementation of a newborn
-friendly imaging
protocol, protection from scanner noise and the need for o
btaining high-
resolution
images
EEG and MEG can be
analyzed with a wide variety of techniques,
including
traditional time
-waveform
analyses,
frequency analyses
(e.g., beta and gamma band oscillations)
and machine
learning algorithms
Neural measures, which are becoming increasingly popular in infancy, are often uninterpretable in the
absence of behavioral measures
Various strategies and techniques as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young childre
n
during neuroimaging sessions
Measures have to be repea
table and reliable. Be
vigilant about validity and reliability, e.g. of the ”head
turning procedure”
Play therapy, behavioral approaches and simulation, the use of mock scanner areas, basic relaxation and a combination of these
techniques have all been shown to improve the participant’s compliance and thus MRI data quality