ICELAND
(Danish)(Danish)LondonLondonParisParis
AmsterdamAmsterdamFrankfurtFrankfurtPraguePrague
ViennaVienna
BerlinBerlin RomeRomeWarsawWarsawKievKievCopenhagenBlack SeaMediterranean SeaMediterranean SeaGothenburgGothenburgMoscowMoscowOdessaOdessaIstanbulIstanbulAthensAthensTunisTunisAlgiersAlgiersFezFezMadridMadridLisbonLisbonNORWAYFINLANDSWEDENRUSSIANEMPIREEMPIREDENMARKDENMARK
BELGIUMBELGIUMTHERNETHERLANDSNENAL
DSROMANIAOTTOMAN EMPIREOTTOMAN EMPIRESERBIAGREECESPAINMOROCCOMOROCCOALGERIASCOTLAND FRANCE
WALESWALESENGLANDPAPAL STATESUNITEDKINGDOMKINGDOMIRELANDPORTUGALPORTUGALITALYITALYPOLANDBAVARIASWITZERLANDAUSTRIANAUSTRIANEMPIREEMPIRE
PRUSSIAPRUSSIAICELAND
(Danish)LondonParis
AmsterdamFrankfurtPrague
Vienna
Berlin RomeWarsawKievCopenhagenBlack SeaMediterranean SeaGothenburgMoscowOdessaIstanbulAthensTunisAlgiersFezMadridLisbonNORWAYFINLANDSWEDENRUSSIANEMPIREDENMARK
BELGIUMNETHERLANDSROMANIAOTTOMAN EMPIRESERBIAGREECESPAINMOROCCOALGERIASCOTLAND FRANCE
WALESENGLANDPAPAL STATESUNITEDKINGDOMIRELANDPORTUGALITALYPOLANDBAVARIASWITZERLANDAUSTRIANEMPIRE
PRUSSIAMap 5Map of Europe in 1861 (based onThe Times Atlas1994: 156–7). The grey line encloses theGerman confederationMaps 413