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GTBL042-Index GTBL042-Callister-v3 October 17, 2007 1:38
860 • IndexAluminum-copper alloys, phase
diagram, 444
Aluminum-lithium alloys, 533, 534
Aluminum oxide:
electrical conductivity, 496
flexural strength, 205, 812
hardness, 229
index of refraction, 767
modulus of elasticity, 193, 806
plane strain fracture toughness,
300, 814
Poisson’s ratio, 193, 808
sintered microstructure, 602
stress-strain behavior, 213
thermal properties, 709
translucency, 4, 774
as whiskers and fibers, 636
Aluminum oxide-chromium oxide
phase diagram, 375
Ammonia, bonding energy and
melting temperature, 28
Amorphous materials, 38, 87–88,
839
Anelasticity, 196, 839
Angle computation between two
crystallographic directions, 252
Anions, 45, 839
Anisotropy, 82, 839
of elastic modulus, 197, 822
magnetic, 740–741, 743
Annealing, 575, 576–577, 839
ferrous alloys, 576–577
glass, 593
Annealing point, glass, 590, 839
Annealing twins, 147
Anodes, 662, 839
area effect, galvanic corrosion,
681
sacrificial, 690, 850
Antiferromagnetism, 731, 839
temperature dependence, 735
Aramid:
fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix
composites, 639–640
melting and glass transition
temperatures, 838
properties as fiber, 636
repeat unit structure, 639, 836
Argon, bonding energy and
melting temperature, 28
Aromatic hydrocarbons (chain
groups), 101, 450, 451
Arrhenius equation, 411
Artificial aging, 446, 839
Asphaltic concrete, 623ASTM standards, 187
Atactic configuration, 113, 839
Athermal transformation, 423, 839
Atomic bonding,seeBonding
Atomic mass, 16
Atomic mass unit (amu), 16–17,
839
Atomic models:
Bohr, 17–18, 19, 840
wave-mechanical, 18, 19, 853
Atomic number, 16, 839
Atomic packing factor, 41, 839
Atomic point defects, 128, 130–131
Atomic radii, of selected metals, 40
Atomic structure, 16–24
Atomic vibrations, 147, 149,
706–707, 839
Atomic weight, 16, 839
metal alloys, equations for, 139
Atom percent, 138, 840
Austenite, 381, 840
shape-memory phase
transformations, 439–440
transformations, 414–429
summary, 437–438
Austenitic stainless steels, 522, 523
Austenitizing, 576, 840
Average value, 230
Avogadro’s number, 17
Avrami equation, 412, 447
AX crystal structures, 49–50
AmXpcrystal structures, 50–51B
Bainite, 417–419, 426, 437, 840
mechanical properties, 432–433
Bakelite,seePhenol-formaldehyde
(Bakelite)
Ball bearings, ceramic, 549
Band gap, 466–467
Band gap energy, 840
selected semiconductors, 474
Bands,seeEnergy bands
Barcol hardness, 229
Barium titanate:
crystal structure, 51, 508
as dielectric, 507
as ferroelectric, 507–508
as piezoelectric, 509, 550
Base (transistor), 492
Basic refractories, 545
Basic slags, 544
Beachmarks (fatigue), 320
Bend strength, 212.See also
Flexural strengthBeryllia, 545
Beryllium-copper alloys, 531
Beverage containers, 1, 789
corrosion of, 789
diffusion rate of CO 2 through,
180–181
stages of production, 568
Bifunctional repeat units, 105, 840
Billiard balls, 516, 555
Bimetallic strips, 720
Binary eutectic alloys, 356–369
Binary isomorphous alloys,
345–355
mechanical properties, 355
microstructure development,
equilibrium cooling, 351–353
microstructure development,
nonequilibrium cooling,
353–355
Biodegradable beverage can, 789
Biomaterials, 11
Block copolymers, 116, 117, 840
Blowing, of glass, 591
Blow molding, plastics, 610
Body-centered cubic structure,
41–42, 840
Burgers vector for, 249
slip systems, 249
twinning in, 255–256
Bohr atomic model, 17–18, 19,
840
Bohr magneton, 727, 840
Boltzmann’s constant, 129, 840
Bonding:
carbon-carbon, 103
cementitious, 546–547
covalent, 28–29, 45, 841
hybridsp,22
hydrogen, 31, 32–33, 845
ionic, 27–28, 45, 845
metallic, 30, 847
van der Waals,seevan der Waals
bonding
Bonding energy, 26, 840
and melting temperature for
selected materials, 28
Bonding forces, 24–25
Bond rupture, in polymers,
697–698
Bone, as composite, 618
Boron carbide:
hardness, 229
Boron:
boron-doped silicon
semiconductors, 479