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GTBL042-Index GTBL042-Callister-v3 October 17, 2007 1:38
Index • 867Flexural strength, 211–212, 844
influence of porosity on, ceramics,
213–214
values for selected ceramics, 205,
812
Fluorescence, 775, 844
Fluorite structure, 50
Fluorocarbons, 103
trade names, characteristics, and
applications, 553, 556
Flux (clay products), 595, 598
Foams, 559, 844
Forces:
bonding, 24–26
coulombic, 27, 841
Forging, 570, 571, 844
Formaldehyde, 101
Forming operations (metals),
569–571
Forsterite, 55
Forward bias, 490, 492, 844
Fractographic investigations:
ceramics, 305–308
metals, 291–293
Fractographs:
cup-and-cone fracture surfaces,
291
fatigue striations, 321
glass rod, 307
intergranular fracture, 296
transgranular fracture, 295
Fracture,see alsoBrittle fracture;
Ductile fracture; Impact
fracture testing
delayed, 304
fundamentals of, 289–290
polymers, 308–309
types, 203–204, 290–293
Fracture mechanics, 293, 844
applied to ceramics, 304
polymers, 308–309
use in design, 300–304
Fracture profiles, 290
Fracture strength, 201.See also
Flexural strength
ceramics, 211–212
distribution of, 305
influence of porosity, 213–214
influence of specimen size, 305,
635–636
Fracture surface, ceramics, 307
Fracture toughness, 206, 298–299,
844
ceramic-matrix composites,
645–646ranges for material types (bar
chart), 7
values for selected materials, 300,
814–815
Free electrons, 466, 844
contributions to heat capacity,
708
role in heat conduction, 713
Free energy, 342, 343, 402–405, 844
activation, 404, 409
volume, 403
Freeze-out region, 482–483
Frenkel defects, 130, 844
equilibrium number, 132
Full annealing, 428, 576–577,
844
Fullerenes, 58–59
Functionality (polymers), 105
Furnace heating elements, 472
Fused silica, 89
characteristics, 541, 591
dielectric properties, 500
electrical conductivity, 496
flexural strength, 205
index of refraction, 767
modulus of elasticity, 193
thermal properties, 709G
Gadolinium, 729, 733
Gallium arsenide:
cost, 831
electrical characteristics, 474, 477
for lasers, 782
for light-emitting diodes, 776, 788
Gallium phosphide:
electrical characteristics, 474
for light-emitting diodes, 788
Galvanic corrosion, 680–682, 844
Galvanic couples, 664
Galvanic series, 669–670, 844
Galvanized steel, 540, 688
Garnets, 733
Garnet single crystal, 81
Gas constant, 129, 844
Gating system, 572
Gauge length, 188
Gaussian error function, 168
Gecko lizard, 15
Geometrical isomerism, 113–115
Germanium:
crystal structure, 58
electrical characteristics, 474, 481,
513
Gibbs phase rule, 378–380, 844Gilding metal, 531
Glass:
as amorphous material, 89
annealing, 577, 593, 839
blowing, 591–592
classification, 540, 541
color, 772–773
commercial; compositions and
characteristics, 541
corrosion resistance, 694–695
cost, 832
dielectric properties, 500
electrical conductivity, 496
flexural strength, 193, 812
forming techniques, 591–593
fracture surface
(photomicrograph), 307
hardness, 229
heat treatment, 593–594
melting point, 590
modulus of elasticity, 193, 806
optical flint, 541
plane strain fracture toughness,
300, 814
refractive index, 767
sheet forming (float process),
592–593
soda-lime, composition, 541
softening point, 590
strain point, 590
stress-strain behavior, 213
structure, 89
surface crack propagation, 304
tempering, 593, 615
thermal properties, 709
viscous properties, 590–591
working point, 590, 853
Glass-ceramics, 541–542, 844
composition (Pyroceram), 541
continuous cooling
transformation diagram,
542
fabricating and heat treating,
594
flexural strength, 205, 812
modulus of elasticity, 193, 806
optical transparency, conditions
for, 774
properties and applications, 542
Glass fibers, 638
fiberglass-reinforced composites,
637–638, 640
forming, 593
properties as fiber, 636
Glass transition, polymers, 448