The Sudan Handbook

288 thE sudan handbook

(JAM) produced a thick report. Following the CPA, a scramble by a

multitude of international agencies and investors followed John Garang’s

declaration that Juba would again be the capital of a semi-autonomous

Southern Sudan. Some of the houses built for international organizations

in Juba in the 1970s were reoccupied. New camps sprung up along the

Nile bank, a military front-line transformed into a new Riviera complete

with upmarket restaurants.

After deploying across Southern Sudan, the United Nations Mission

in Sudan (UNMIS) became, as the saying in Juba went, ‘UNMISsable’.

By July 2010 it had 9,445 troops from 55 countries, and 665 police officers

from 40 different countries, and a budget of US$938,000,000. UNMIS

had a Chapter VII mandate from the Security Council to protect civilians,

but what this meant in practice, on the ground, was far from obvious.

Following the CPA, the role of the international presence in Southern

Sudan’s economy became more visible, mostly in the more urban centres,

led by Juba. As well as the UN and international development organiza-

tions, a host of private investors and entrepreneurs became active, and

consulates from the United States, United Kingdom, China, India and

a number of African states set up their diplomatic shops ahead of the

referendum. Egypt has also shown greater interest in engaging with

Southern Sudan, with Cairo apparently doing more than Khartoum to

make unity attractive, and organizing conferences by the League of Arab

States on development in the south. Meanwhile, in contrast to the impact

of the oil-boom on Khartoum, the importance of the ‘peace dividend’ in

Southern Sudan, so widely talked about before the CPA, has been slow

to materialize, despite extravagant international pledges.

Darfur and Sudan in the Global Political Imagination

In April 2004, the tenth anniversary of the Rwandan genocide coincided

with mounting concern about conflict in western Sudan. The war in

Darfur had been delinked from the CPA negotiations in Naivasha,

but a massive mobilization of international interest and involvement

The Sudan Handbook, edited by John Ryle, Justin Willis, Suliman Baldo and Jok Madut Jok. © 2011 Rift Valley Institute and contributors followed. There was a rapid scaling up of emergency responses and the

(www.riftvalley.net).