Pythagoreans, 60, 83, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91,
93, 99–102, 118, 120, 610, 956n17;
number philosophy, 87, 125Rabbanites, 413, 434–436
Realism, 221, 240–242; 820, 826–830; of
universals, 466, 515; sociological, 858–- See also Abhidharma; Materialism;
Platonism; Vaisheshika
Reflexivity, 321, 379, 380–383, 787–791,
809, 877–881; in higher mathematics,
848–856
Reification, 379, 788, 866
Religion of reason: in Spain, 441–442,
555; in medieval Christian universities,
475–476; in European secularization,
574; Spinoza’s, 589–591; Judaism as, - See also Deism
Religions. See Buddhism; Christianity; Con-
fucianism; Gnosticism; Greek religious
cults; Hinduism; Islam; Jainism; Juda-
ism; Mysticism; Religion of reason;
Sabian star worshippers; Secularization;
Shinto; Taoism; Vedic cults; Zoroastrian-
ism
Rhetoric, 102–103, 116–118. See also
Schools, of rhetoric
Rinzai Zen, 323, 324, 333–335, 337–341,
343, 348, 350
Romantic Circle, 3, 530, 618, 631, 637
Royal Society, 43, 529
Russell’s paradox, 703, 712–713, 728, 810
Russia, 770–772
Sabian star worshippers, 404, 408, 410,
416, 417. See also Babylonian star wor-
shippers
Sadducees, 433
St. Louis Hegelians, 531, 672
Samkhya, 228, 233–238, 241–242, 244,
257, 259, 264, 269–270, 821, 841,
966n39
Sarvastivadins, 215–217, 220, 222, 236,
242, 248, 249, 256, 820
Satkaryavada, 236, 237, 249, 821, 841
Sautrantikas, 217, 220, 222, 238, 283,
448, 820
Scandinavia, 613, 685, 765–768
Scholasticism, textual, 793–796
Schools, 65; in China, 65, 145, 304; in
Greece, 89–97, 95, 103–104, 109–110,
115–118; of rhetoric, 82, 95, 115, 118;
in India, 194–196; Hindu maths, 226,
250, 264, 265, 268–269, 520; in Japan,
337, 339, 343, 348–350, 352–353, 356–
359, 363, 366; Islamic madrasas, 421,
423, 428, 453–454, 460–462, 510–511,
520, 688; Jesuit, 577–578; in Germany,
640–642; in America, 671–672, 683; in
Italy, 683–685; in France, 757–758, 761–- See also Universities
Science: in China, 305, 319; rapid-discov-
ery, 382, 532–538, 559–562, 807, 830;
in medieval Christendom, 488–493;
revolution in, 523–524, 556; anti-scien-
tific intellectuals, 609, 611–613; and cos-
mology, 804; and occultism, 805–807;
reality of its objects, 870–875
Science and mathematics networks: in Is-
lamic world, 396, 404–405, 409, 418,
424, 431, 438, 440, 546–549, 552; in
China, 533, 549–551; in Greece, 533–
534, 543–546, 549, 552 in Europe, 543,
553–556; in Christendom, 548–549;
in India, 551; Scotland, 595, 614–617,
639
Scotists, 490, 497, 504, 519, 580, 581,
815,
Secularization, 263, 524–526; Idealism as
halfway house to, 316–317, 618, 646,
650, 663–667, 674, 680–681, 683–686,
778, 825–826; in Tokugawa Japan, 362,
369–370, 378; via stalemate, opportun-
ism and compromise, 369, 573–574,
584–587, 600–603; exhaustion in relig-
ious wars, 594–596, 598; of universities,
618, 640–641, 644–645; Christianity
abolished in revolutionary France, 661;
struggle over secular education in Italy,
France, and Germany, 683–684, 743; cy-
cles of secularization and religious re-
vival, 747–748. See also Anti-clerical-
ism, Deism
Semiotics, 676–677, 679
Sense and reference, 47, 703
“Seven Sages” (Greek), 69, 148
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, 73,
165, 168, 171, 174, 206, 296
Shaivism, 188–189, 191, 241, 250, 257,
259, 260, 262, 264–265, 269, 969n62
1096 •^ Index of Subjects