Shinto, 323, 326–327, 348–349, 356–357,
361, 364–367, 373
Shi’ites, 392, 410, 411, 414–416, 427,
433
Shramanas, 196, 199, 203, 204, 207, 811
Sincerity, 586–587, 1029n18
Skepticism, 19, 146, 202, 221, 380, 467,
568, 615, 617, 654, 668, 814, 817,
818, 819; Greek, 60, 87, 97, 98, 102,
105, 107, 108, 111–112, 119, 657;
omni-, 222–223, 812, 814, 815–816,
824, 835; fideist, 568, 572, 587, 617,
655, 813; as catalyst to epistemology,
811–813
Society for Psychical Research, 530, 531,
669, 731
Sophists, 86–89, 145, 146, 148, 787, 802,
811, 826, 847
Soto Zen, 323, 324, 335–337, 343–344
Spain, 428–448, 453–454, 575–582, 585,
594
Spain, intellectual centers in, 512; Toledo,
429, 435–441, 445, 467, 579; Córdoba,
434–441; Lucena, 434, 435, 437, 438,
440, 988n36
Stratification of intellectuals, 42–46, 54–64
Structural crunch, 74–76
Stagnation, intellectual, 501–504; in
China, 162–165, 319–321, 502–503,
507–508; in medieval Christendom, 501–
504; in Greece, 502–503; in Islamic
world, 510–513; in late twentieth cen-
tury, 521–522. See also Scholasticism,
textual
Stoic school, 89, 98, 103–110, 115, 118,
132, 146, 448, 812, 892, 956n11,
957n24
St. Louis Hegelians, 531, 672
Sturm und Drang, 625, 626, 628, 639, 641
Substance, 584, 587–591, 594, 599, 641,
652, 654, 665, 680–681, 746, 767, 778–
779; and relation, 249, 260, 261, 592–
593, 839–845
Sufficient reason, principle of, 414, 580
Sufis, 405–407, 424–426, 448, 451–454,
459, 206, 496, 814
Syncretism, 332, 335, 337, 366; distin-
guished from synthesis, 132, 799–800.
See also Law of small numbers
Synthetic a priori, 653
Tantric Buddhism (Shingon, Vajrayana),
256–257, 296, 324, 327, 329, 836
Tao, 150, 151, 157, 804, 838
Taoism: Taoist church, 64, 160–163, 165–
168, 176, 275–281, 284; philosophical,
147, 156–157, 168–174, 299; syncre-
tism with Buddhism, 306. See also Tao
Te Ching
Tao Te Ching, 58, 64, 69, 138, 146, 150–
152, 156–157, 296, 317, 794, 803, 809,
811, 812, 886, 890
Tathata (suchness, thusness), 217, 221,
483, 820, 826, 829. See also Haecceitas
Tel Quel circle, 78
Tendai school, 324, 327–331
Theology, 366, 460, 451–454, 461, 473,
475, 477, 487, 488, 555, 557, 788,
1031n23; as source of metaphysical is-
sues, 263; neo-conservative or neo-ortho-
dox, 366, 746–748; Romanticist, 632–
633; liberal, 746–748, 769; distin-
guished from philosophy, 966n33. See
also Catholicism; Kalam; ‘Ulama
Thomists, 490, 497, 518–519, 571, 580,
581, 592, 815
Tibet, 184, 256–257, 347
T’ien-t’ai, 274, 276, 283, 285–289, 295,
296, 797
Time, 336, 669, 670, 748–749
Tractarians, Oxford, 531, 664
Transcendentalists, 531, 645, 672
Translation, 279, 429; misinterpretation of
Aristotle as Neoplatonist, 429–432
Translation bureaus, 283, 286–187, 404,
439, 447–448; 467. See also House of
Wisdom; Imports, idea
Truth, 7–8, 19, 24–25, 39, 267, 336, 858,
877–878. See also Epistemology
Ts’ao-Tung sect, 291, 298. See also Soto
Zen
Types, theory of, 513, 713, 716, 725, 753,
787, 810
Two-step causality of intellectual change,
191, 380‘Ulama, 394, 401, 403, 404, 410, 423
Universities: in China, 154, 158, 158, 304,
310, 507; in India, 184, 219, 226–227;
in Japan, 339, 349, 371–374, 381, 685–
686; in medieval Christendom, 455,Index of Subjects^ •^1097