Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

10. laD,kaoM/laD,ikyaaoM nao AKbaar pZ,a.
    larkõ/larkiyõ ne axba:r parha:.
    boys-/girls-erg newspaper read
    The boys/girls read the newspaper.


11. maOMnao/hmanao iflma doKI.
    m ́~ne/hamne film dekhi:.
    I-erg/we-erg film-fs saw-fs
    I/we saw a film.


12. tUnaoo/tumanaooo/Aapnaoo iktaba pZ,I.
    tu:ne/tumne/a:pne kita:b parhi:.
    you-erg book-fs read-fs
    You read a book.


13. tumanaooo/Aapnaoo kusaI- doKI.
    tumne/a:pne kursi: dekhi:.
    you-erg chair saw-fs
    You saw a chair.

The plural forms of personal pronouns are used as honorific
singular/plural subjects as well.

Psychological predicates such as gaussaa Aanaa gussa: a:na: ‘to be angry
or irritated’, and laganaa lagna: ‘seem’ always take a dative subject
using a dative case marker and the postposition kao ko.

14. laD,ko kao gaussaa Aayaa.
    larke ko gussa: a:ya:.
    boy-obl to anger came
    The boy was angry.


15. ]sao caaoT lagaI.
    use cot lagi:.
    he-dat injury struck
    He got injured.

4.3.2.1. Direct Object

Verbs are conventionally divided into intransitive and transitive on
the basis of whether they take a noun phrase as an object. Transitive