Buddhism in India

Index 311

samsara, 104, 113, 270

Sanchi, 124

Sangam, See Tamil Sangam

Sangha, 2, 6, 14, 66–68, 76, 162,

174, 183, 254; life of, 95–101;

and society, 64–66

Sangharakshata, 8, 108, 261

Sankara, 160

sankhara, See aggregates

Sankhya, 36, 37, 38, 39, 60–61,

140; dualism, 59

Sanskrit, 87, 88, 89, 165, 166; and

European languages, linguistic

relationship, 228

Sanskritisation, 25

sants, 186–87, 191, 197–98, 201,

206, 207, 212, 213–14

Santhals, 180

Samyutta Nikaya, 12

Sardananda, 192

Sariputra (Sariputta), 90, 131, 273

Sarvajanik Satya Dharma Pustak, The,

by Jotirao Phule, 37n, 232, 233

Sarvastivadin school, 101, 103

Sashanka, 169

Satavahana period: Jatakas, 90;

language, 89; women’s

status, 86

Satavahanas, 94, 99, 109, 117, 155,

167, 170; and Marathas,

connections 42

sat-chit-ananda, 59

Satsar, 231

satva, 38

Satyakama Jabala, 41–42

Satyashodhak Samaj, 228, 241, 245

Sautrantikas, 103, 108

scholasticism, 106

scientific development, Buddhism

and, 139–42

secularism, 2, 18, 223

self, 11, 83, 90, 106, 208; and the

cosmos, 58–64; subjective, 47

self-control, 10, 49, 52, 55, 57,

114, 216

self-identification, 115

self–realisation, 6, 66

self-reliance, 10, 139, 140

Self-Respect General

Conference, 241

Self-Respect Movement, 240

self-sacrifice, 110

selfishness, 242

Sen, Amartya, 276

Senas, 177

seniority, 67

sensation (vedana), 61

sense-impression, 274

sensuality, 56

setthis, 79

sexuality, 81, 111, 112;

in Sangha, 100

Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur,

241, 246

Shaivism, Shaivites, 48, 52, 153,

156, 158, 159, 172, 177, 187; and

Buddhist conflict, 152

shakti, 32, 50

Shambuk, 51, 72, 168

Shankaracharya, 48, 233

Shantanu, 28

Shantideva, 110, 226

Shastri, Hari Prasad, 235

‘shramik’, 30

shetkari, 80

Shetkaryacha Asud, by Jotirao

Phule, 230, 232

Shinde, Tarabai, 231

Shintoism, 149

Shiva, 50, 105, 160, 164, 176, 200

Shivaji, 72, 204, 207n, 245, 251

‘Shiva-Shakti’, 50

Shree Narayan Dharma Paripalan

(SNDP), 241

Shree Narayana Guru, 241

Shudra (s), 44, 60, 70, 76, 118, 127,

141, 150, 179, 204, 211, 214, 220,

221, 224, 228, 230–31, 245

Shunga, 155

Sibi, 104, 110, 134

Siddha medicine, 112

Sigalovada Suttanta, 69, 83, 100

Siha, 58

Sikandar Lodi, 195

Sikhism, 252

sila, 68

purusha, 38, 81
Pushyamitra Shunga, 170, 172

Queens, role, 167
Questions of Milinda, The,
93–95, 107

racial theory, racism, 127, 221, 266
radicalism, radical socialism, 18,
187, 213, 233, 245
Raj Kumar, 211
rajanyas, 41
rajas, 38
Rajasthan, 177
Rajbansi, 179
Rajputs, 177, 209n, 213
Rama, 48, 72, 155, 168, 222
Ramabai, 231
Ramananda, 191–92, 193, 195
Ramasamy, E.V., 240
Ramayana, 46, 51, 119
Ranya Mahar, 201
Rashtrakutas, 172, 178, 182
rationality, rationalism, 7, 18, 19,
145–46, 147, 181, 224, 243
Ravidas, 191–93, 198, 199, 209n,
241, 242
reality, 13, 59, 276
reasonability, 63
rebirth, notion of, 32, 54, 59, 63, 99,
103, 239, 277–78; See alsokarma
and rebirth
rectitude, 65, 69, 77
religion, 1, 8, 26; and economic
development, 142–48; economic
role, 144; of elders, 102–04; and
modernity, 18–19; sociology of, 4
renunciation, 4, 30, 40, 50, 57, 197
repression, 153
reservation issue, 255
rewards, Seepunishments and rewards
Rhys David, Thomas William, 234
Rhys Davids, C.A.F., 234
Rig Veda, 26, 44, 223
right aspirations, 56
right conduct, 56
right contemplation, 56
right effort, 56

right livelihood, 56

right mindfulness, 56

right speech, 56

right views, 56

righteousness, righteous living, 5, 52,

58, 65, 66, 68–69, 75, 78, 87, 91,

110, 277

rights: and duties, 50; versus

ghettoisation, 175

ritual orientation, 145

ritual skills, 42

ritualism, ritualistic orientation, 17,

44, 52, 63, 141, 147, 163

romanticism, 152

Round Table conference, London,

249, 258

rta, 27

Rudra, 50

Ryokan, 24

sabdavidya(grammar), 141

sacrifice, 17, 46–47, 49, 54, 95, 119,

129–30, 143, 161, 164; and magic,

27; and world order, link, 58–59

saguna bhakti, 196

saguna, 191, 200

sahajiya, 196

Sahyadris: monasteries, 95

Saka, 117

Sakas, 45, 169

Sakka, 91, 107

Sakya Buddhism, Sakyas, 2, 4, 18,

78, 93, 134, 152; in Tamil Nadu,

236–40

Sakya Buddhist Society, 237, 241

Sakyamuni, 23, 24

salayakam, Seesix senses

salvation, 5, 10, 40, 106, 145, 277

samana (sramana) tradition, 30–34,

42, 47, 51–52, 54, 58, 65, 66, 67,

73, 81, 100, 101, 107, 141, 168,

273, 280; conflict with

Brahmanism, 188

Samannaphala Sutta, 34, 60

Samata Sainik Dal, 261, 263

Samatata, 154

sambhogakaya, 108

Samkhya, SeeSankhya

310 Buddhism in India