quark, 696, 949radar, 870
radiation hormesis, 520
radiation of heat, 113
radio, 870
radio waves, 16
raisin cookie model, 492
randomness, 856
ray diagrams, 771
ray model of light, 769, 816
RC circuit, 622
RC time constant, 623
reactions
chemical, 68
nuclear, 68
reductionism, 19
reflection
diffuse, 768
of waves, 374
specular, 772
reflections
inverted and uninverted, 376
refraction
and color, 805
defined, 800
relativity
Galilean, 62, 195
general, 443
Renaissance, 13
repetition of diffracting objects, 820
resistance
defined, 540
in parallel, 553
in series, 557
resistivity
defined, 559
resistor, 545
resistors
in parallel, 554
retina, 783
reversibility, 774
RHIC accelerator, 409
RL circuit, 623
RMS (root mean square), 634
Roemer, 766
root mean square, 634
rotational invariance, 195Russell
Bertrand, 856
Rutherford
Ernest, 855scalar
defined, 197
scaling, 35
schematic, 552
schematics, 552
Schr ̈odinger equation, 904
time-dependent, 967, 988
scientific method, 14
sea-of-arrows representation, 581
second (unit), 25, 56
separability
of a quantum state, 1004
Schr ̈odinger equation, 973
series circuit
defined, 547
shell theorem, 102
short circuit
defined, 545
SI units, 25, 78
Sievert (unit), 518
sigma notation, 143
significant figures, 30
simple machine, 172
single-slit
diffraction, 821
singularity
Big Bang, 453
black hole, 452
naked, 454
singularity theorem
Hawking, 454
Penrose, 453
sinks in fields, 581
Sirius, 898
skin depth, 735
Snell’s law, 801
derivation of, 804
mechanical model of, 803
sodium, 939
solar constant, 754
solar sail, 208
solenoid, 612
magnetic field of, 7011100 Index