Sommerfeld, Arnold, 351
sound
speed of, 389
waves, 363
sources of fields, 581
spacelike, 420
spacetime
curvature of, 445
spark plug, 623
specific heat, 74
electrons’ contribution, 351
monoatomic ideal gas, 333
solids, 334
spectrum
absorption, 898
emission, 898
spherical harmonics, 923
spin, 696, 934
neutron’s, 934
of electron, 934
photon’s, 934
proton’s, 934
spin theorem, 259
proof, 1026
spiral
Archimedean, 758
spring constant, 115
Squid, 800
stability, 86
standing wave, 386
standing waves, 386
Star Trek, 899
states
bound, 897
static friction, 156
coefficient of, 157
statvold, 1027
steady state, 180
strong nuclear force, 509
strong nuclear force, 509
superposition
of waves, 354
superposition of fields, 581
Swift, Jonathan, 35
symmetry, 685
system
closed, 58
telescope, 783, 822
temperature, 74, 308
absolute zero, 75, 314
Celsius, 314
compared to heat, 74
Kelvin, 314
macroscopic definition, 314
microscopic definition, 330
tension, 163, 171
tensor product
of quantum states, 1005
Tesla
Nikola, 182
tesla (unit), 678
thermal energy
compared to heat, 75
thermodynamics, 307
first law of, 308, 339
laws of
summarized, 339
second law of, 324, 338, 339
third law of, 339
zeroth law of, 313, 339
thermometer, 314
Thomson, J.J.
cathode ray experiments, 489
time
arrow of, 338
time constant
RC, 623
time dilation
gravitational, 447
time reversal, 774
timelike, 420
Tolman-Stewart experiment, 593
torque
defined, 260
related to force, 261, 290
total internal reflection, 806
transformer, 620, 714
transmission
of waves, 374
transmission of forces, 162
triangle inequality, 425
tunneling, 903
twin paradox, 425
ultraviolet light, 870
Index 1101