222 Notu fa Pages 52-65
- Quran, 41:1-10. Ha and mim are Arabic letters; as noted previously, their
presence in Revelation is not explained. The appropriate translatio n is "puri-
fying social tax" which covetS the three dimensions of the concept of zakat:
It is a duty before God and mav; it is levied for dIe benefit o f the poor in
society; the believer's conscience is appeased in the knowledge that his/ her
property is purified by fulfilling the right of God and man. - Quran, 25:52.
- Quran, 29:64.
S. Quran, 53 :29-31. - Hadith reported byal-Bukhari.
- Quran, 16: 1 06.
- Quran, 10:78.
- Quran, 112.
- Quran, 109. This surah was revealed when some Qura),sh leaders suggested
a kind of syncretism betvieen their fo refathers' polytheisti c religion and the
monotheism brought by the Prophet. Revelation's answer is clear and final;
it determines the inescapable character of the distinction while implicitly
opening the way to the injunction of mutual respect. - Tbn Hisham, As-5irah an-Nabau'!JJ'ah (Beirut: Dar al-Jil, n.d.), 2: 140.
- Quran, 18:23--24.
- Quean, 17:85.
- Quean, 18:60-82.
- Ibn Hisham, AJ-5imh an-Nabawj)')'ah, 2:164.
- Present-day Ethiopia.
- Quran, 19:16--21.
- Tbn Hisham, AJ-5irah an-Nabau'!JJ'ah, 2:180.
- Ibid., 2:181.
Chapter 7: Trials, Elevation, and Hopes- Tbn Hisham, AJ-5irah an-Naba/J-'!JJ'ah (Beirut: D ar al-Jil, n.d.), 2:189.
- Quran,20:1-8.
- Quran,20:14.
- Abu al-Hakam was, as mentioned before, the name of the man who m the
Mu~lims had nicknamed Abu Jahl because of his limitless cruelty toward
i\Iuslims. - From that day on, Umar was nicknamed Al-Faruq (the one who draws a dis-
tinction) in reference to his determination to distinguish the Muslim com-
munity (having accepted the message as true) from the Quraysh (stubborn
in ignorance, aI·philpob).