raw materials,suchas starch, kaolin, calcium, carbonateand carboxy-methyl
cellulose,susceptibleto microbial contaminationare used. As a consequence
microbiological risks clearly associated to specific process steps are often
consideredto be the mostsignificantones fromthe product safetypointof view.
Thus moreemphasis is placedon buildingup an efficientand cost-effective
HACCP programme.
However, conditions in factories further converting paper or boardare
usually dry and microbiologicalrisksare mainlyrelatedto the use of starch-
basedglues and water-soluble lacquers(Raaskaet al., 2002).On the otherhand
hygiene problemsarising throughinsufficient pestcontrol and cleaning pro-
gramme, personnel working practices or throughair are considered to be
importantrisksto productsafety.Thusthe implementationof GMP is crucial in
factories furtherconverting paperor board.Some examples of importantprocess
phases in hygieneand safetymanagement in the paperand boardindustryand in
factories furtherconverting paperand boardare presented in Table24.2.
The driving forces in carrying out an effective hygiene and safety
managementsystemin the foodindustry are especiallythe legaldemandsand
restrictions,whilethe demandsset by the customersare moreemphasised in the
paperand packagingindustry. The imageof a companyconsidering safetyand
hygiene aspectsimportantis becoming moreand moreimportantin the paper
and packagingindustry, as it is in the foodindustry.Employees' attitudes
towards HACCP-relatedactivities mostlyperformed by line workers and their
knowledgeon foodhygieneand safetyaspectsare clearlystill superiorin the
foodindustry compared to those in the paperand packagingindustry.GMP
measureshavebeenimplementedin the foodand packagingindustry, but in the
paperindustry moreefforthas beenplacedon buildingup an efficientHACCP
programme(Table 24.3).
Fig. 24.2 Dependencyof qualityand safetymanagementsystems(TQM= totalquality
management,GHP= goodhygienepractice).
388 Handbookof hygiene controlin the foodindustry