Although HACCP has beeninternationallyaccepted and approved, and it has
beenusedas a tool in foodsafetymanagement, thereis open acknowledgement
that companieshavehad problems withits practicalapplicationand imple-
mentation. If product safetyaspectsare confused withquality, the evaluationcan
result in too many and/oroverlapping CCPs, whichmake the programme
unmanageable; thuspeople fail to see the pointof carrying out the control
measures determined for every CCP.However, qualityaspects are sometimes
verydifficult to distinguish clearlyfromsafety aspects,especially in the paper
and packagingindustry. Commitment of management as wellas employees is
crucialfor the successof implementationand applicationof hygiene and safety
management systems. Writtendocumentationbehind the developmentof specific
Table24.2 Examplesof importantprocessphasesin safetyand hygienemanagement
Processphase Identificationof hazard
(a) Paperand boardindustry
Cellulosicraw materials Physicalrisk,e.g. sand,stones,piecesof metal,dirt
Circulatingprocesswaters Microbiologicalrisk,e.g. problemsin runnability,
highcontentof microbesin end-product
Storingand use of broke Microbiologicalrisk,e.g. bad odoursin factoryand
in end-productcausedby anaerobicbacteria
Surfacesizingagentsand
coatingcompounds
Microbiologicalrisk,e.g. problemsin runnability,
highcontentof microbesin end-productcausedby
microbialgrowthin starch,CMC,CaCO 3
Factoryenvironment Biologicalrisk,e.g. insectscontaminatingthe
product
Physicalrisk,e.g. cleaveof paintand cement
rendering,glassparticles,conditionof building
(b) Industryfurtherconvertingpaperand board
Storingof raw materials,e.g.
papersheetsand rolls,and end-
products
Biologicalrisk,e.g. insects,rodentsor birdsand
theirfaecescontaminatingthe productRefiningequipment Chemicalrisk,e.g. oil and otherlubricants
contaminatingthe product
Lacquersand glues Microbiologicalrisk,e.g. highcontentof microbes
in end-product,bad odoursin end productcaused
by microbialmetabolites
Printing Chemicalrisk,e.g. bad odoursin end-product
causedby the use of wrongprintingcolours
Packing Microbiologicalrisk,e.g. microbialcontamination
of end-productcausedby wrongworkingpractices,
insufficientventilationor old and dirtypallets
Physicalrisk,e.g. contaminationof productby
foreignbodies;glass,hair,nails,metalpieces
Factoryenvironment Physicalrisk,e.g. contaminationof productby dust
Managingcontaminationrisksfromfoodpackagingmaterials 389