Treaty of Friendship and Mutual
Non-Aggression (China–Cambodia),
173
Treaty of Nerchinsk (China–Russia), 111
Treaty of Peace and Friendship
(China–Japan), 193
Treaty of Tianjin (China–France), 121
Treaty of Tokyo (Thailand–Vichy
France), 141
‘treaty ports’, 117, 118, 127
tribal peoples, 54, 55, 107
tributary missions, 25, 30, 36, 40, 44, 48,
49, 59, 51, 62, 63, 65, 66, 75–7, 91,
102, 103, 106, 108, 114, 115, 116,
119, 120, 126, 141, 156, 237
tributary relationships, 50, 53, 74, 90, 94,
112, 121, 127, 190, 237, 244
tributary states, 57, 68, 73, 74, 80, 91,
101, 102, 103, 108, 110, 119–20, 121,
122, 129, 244
tribute, 19, 20, 22, 28, 30, 33–4, 39, 46,
49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 70, 61, 62, 67, 68,
75–8, 79, 81, 82, 86, 89, 90, 91, 96–8,
106, 108, 175
ceremonial, 108–10
differing conceptions of, 33–4
European opposition to, 115–16
tribute system, 2, 20, 21, 41, 48, 57,
75–8, 110, 115, 128, 155, 156, 228,
236
Trinh, lords of Vietnam, 104, 113
Tu Duc, emperor of Vietnam, 120, 121
Tuban, 97
Turks, 41, 78, 89
U Nu, 144, 159, 172
Uighurs, 6, 41
United Malays Nationalist Organisation
(UMNO), 145
United Nations (UN), 7, 93, 158, 168,
171, 178, 219
Convention of the Law of the Sea,
219
Security Council, 142, 149, 186, 206
United States (US), 2, 3, 4, 7, 131, 141,
142, 149, 150, 154, 165, 168, 171,
173, 175, 177, 181, 182, 184, 186,
188, 190, 194, 195, 197, 199, 200,
203, 205, 206, 210, 221, 222, 225,
227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234,
235, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243, 245
relations with China, 186–7, 192,
200, 205, 222, 230, 232, 243, 245
See alsoWashington
USSR. SeeSoviet Union
Vajrayana, 38
Viang Chan, 65, 118, 146, 175
Vietminh, 137, 146–8, 160, 165–7, 169
Vietnam, 3, 4, 16, 25, 26, 29, 43–7, 50,
52, 56–7, 59, 62, 66, 74, 79, 81–2, 90,
92, 99, 103, 108, 110, 113, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122, 126, 136, 137, 145,
146, 147, 148, 159, 166, 158, 173,
174, 175, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 189, 190, 197, 199–202,
205, 206–9, 214, 216, 218, 219, 227,
228, 234, 236
Chinese in, 107, 148
compared to Nanzhao, 56–9
Democratic Republic of (DRV), 146,
165, 167, 168, 180–4, 186, 198
North, 174, 180, 182, 183
relations
with Cambodia, 4, 190–2, 200–2,
203, 204, 206–9, 240
with China, 4, 43–7, 50, 52, 56–7,
62, 66, 81–2, 89–90, 103, 108,
110, 113, 119, 121, 136–7, 147,
166, 167–9, 186, 190–1, 199–204,
205, 206–9, 214, 216, 218–19,
234, 236
with Laos, 40, 90, 92, 167, 168,
169, 174, 188, 194, 200, 206
with USSR, 3, 181–2, 184,
199–200, 202, 204, 207, 208, 214,
218
Socialist Republic of (SRV), 194Index