LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLESFig. 1-1 The biopsychosocial model of health and illness 4
Fig. 1-2 Psychology and health: direct and indirect pathways 6
Fig. 2-1 Decline in mortality from tuberculosis 15
Fig. 2-2 The effect of smoking on increase in expectation of life: males,
1838–1970 16
Fig. 2-3 Basics of the health belief model 25
Fig. 2-4 Basics of the protection motivation theory 28
Fig. 2-5 Basics of the theory of reasoned action 32
Fig. 2-6 Basics of the theory of planned behaviour 32
Fig. 2-7 The health action process approach 34
Fig. 3-1 Leventhal’s self-regulatory model of illness behaviour 53
Fig. 3-2 Coping with the crisis of illness 64
Table 3-1 Adaptive tasks 64
Table 3-2 Coping skills 65
Fig. 4-1 Ley’s model of compliance 77
Fig. 4-2 A simplified model of problem solving 87
Fig. 4-3 Diagnosis as a form of problem solving 88
Fig. 5-1 Changes in smoking, 1972–92 100
Fig. 5-2 Current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers by sex, 1972–92 101
Fig. 5-3 Alcohol consumption levels by sex, 1992 102
Fig. 5-4 The stages of substance use 110
Fig. 5-5 Relapse curves for individuals treated for heroin, smoking and
alcohol addiction 125
Fig. 5-6 The relapse process 126
Fig. 5-7 Relapse prevention intervention strategies 127
Fig. 6-1 The balance of good health 135
Fig. 6-2 A developmental model of eating behaviour 138
Fig. 6-3 Social eating 139
Fig. 6-4 Measuring body dissatisfaction 147
Fig. 6-5 Overeating in dieters in the laboratory 154
Fig. 6-6 A boundary model explanation of overeating in dieters 155
Fig. 6-7 A comparison of the boundaries for different types of eaters 156
Fig. 6-8 The ‘what the hell’ effect as a form of relapse 159
Fig. 6-9 From dieting to overeating 160
Fig. 7-1 Participation in sport, 1990 169
Fig. 8-1 Percentage using no contraception at first intercourse, by age
at first intercourse 188
Fig. 8-2 Contraception use at first intercourse in those aged 16–24 189
Fig. 8-3 Changes in the use of condoms as the usual method of
contraception by age, 1983–91 196
Fig. 9-1 Costs per potential cancer prevented for different screening policies 224xx