Amino acid(s)continued
transport 3–20, 49–50
anionic 4, 5, 7,11–13, 16, 17
cationic 5, 7, 9–11, 13, 14, 16–17
cell and tissue expression 7, 10–14
chickens 16–17
neutral 5, 13, 15, 16, 18
pigs 17
placenta 7, 10, 12, 13, 15
proteins 4–7, 9–14, 16, 18
sheep and cattle 18–20
substrate affinities 9, 10
systems 4–5, 7–9, 15–19
zwitterionic 7, 13–16
utilization 280, 393
mammary gland 56
Ammoniation 400
cAMP 75, 80
-Amylase 124–127, 130, 132, 237, 413, 415
pancreatic 126
salivary 125
Amylopectin 122, 123, 125, 126
Amylose 122–123, 125
Anaemia 177
haemolytic 390, 394, 401
Analysis
stochastic 28
see alsoFeed analysis
Angustifoline 385
Animal size 156
Antigenic proteins 383–385, 391–392, 398
inactivation 398–399
Apolipoproteins 99, 101, 102–103
Apparent metabolizable energy 309–310, 313–314
content
oats 412
correlation with feed water-soluble polysaccha-
ride content 410
nitrogen correction 309–310
reliability 309
Appetite for
fibre 329
Applications
enzymes 421
of gas production methodologies 223–228
in saccomethods 244–249
phenethanolamines 86–87
Aquaculture
use of feed enzymes 414–415
Arabinose 124, 128, 406
Arabinoxylans 407
Arachidonic acid 113, 114, 115, 116
Arginine 392–393
Arterio-venous difference 32
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 330
Aspergillus flavus387, 398
Aspergillus parasiticus 387
Aspergillus ochraceus 387
Atenolol 76
ATP 75, 83, 136, 137, 150, 151, 156, 157, 225–226
in active transport 4–5, 19, 128, 129, 133
generation 133, 138
Availability
equipment for gas measurement 217
Avicelase 237
Bacillus stearothermophillus 262
Bacteria
rumen 132–133, 138
Balenine 36, 37, 41
Barley
anti-nutritional properties 407
composition 407
diets 412, 418
enzyme supplementation 410–411
-glucan 407, 420
hull-less 413
ileal amino acid digestibility 294–296
metabolizable energy value (poultry) 407
phytase activity 408
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) 149, 150, 156
apportionment 150
Behaviour
eating 366–367, 371
chewing 367, 368
competitive 368–371
non-competitive 366–367, 368
feeding 365, 366, 372–378
heat stress effects 380
manger space 368–371
meal patterns 366, 370
and intake 366
intensity 366
tossing of feed 375–376
submissive 367
Bile salts 98, 99, 101
Bioassays 307–314
Biohydrogenation 100–101, 108, 115
Biotechnology 116, 400
Blanks
use in gas production methods 215
Bloat 394, 399, 400
Blood
composition 394
flow 78, 157
plasma 165
vessels 157
Brachiaria decumbens384, 386, 394
Brain 11, 320, 327
Brassica
anti-nutritional factors 384, 386, 394, 399
forage 384, 386, 394, 399
Broiler breeders 327
Bromegrass 223
Brush border 126, 127, 132, 144
Bulk
food 319
Bunk space 368–371
heifers 371
Buoyancy 345
Bupranolol 81
Butyrate 133, 135, 136, 138, 144
Caecotroph 143
Caecum 130, 142–144
Calpain 27, 71, 76–77
Calpastatin 71, 76, 77
Canola meal
addition of protease 409
14 ileal amino acid digestibility 293, 295–298
C-labelled plant material 264
Carbohydrate(s)
absorption 134
cell wall 122, 123–124
classification 122–124
digestion 124–127
fermentation 132–143
hydrolysable fibre (HF) 335, 351
intracellular 122
non-hydrolysable fibre (IF) 342
non-structural (NSC) 338, 354
pools 221–223
soluble 227
total hydrolysable (HCHO) 337, 351, 354
Carbon
procurement 124–144
Carbonic acid 153, 154, 157
Carboxytransphosphorylase 136
Carcass
gains 69
leanness 68
ractopamine effects 67
Carcinogenicity 390, 391, 395, 400
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 109–111
Carnivore 121, 122, 131, 144
Catecholamines
regulation of lipid metabolism 109
Cattle
amino acid
transport 18–20
behaviour 365–381
cows
feeding behaviour 366–378
heat stress 380428 Index