sneeze 54
nostrils 36
NSAIDs. Seenonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
nummular dermatitis 151
nutritional deficiency 309
nutritional supplements 366
nystagmus 12, 62, 102, 102 t
O
OA (ocular albinism) 136
obesity 39, 301
obstructive sleep apnea 39, 59
OCA (oculocutaneous albinism)
135–136
occipital lobe 231t
occupational health and safety. See
alsoUS Occupational Safety and
Health Administration
carpal tunnel syndrome
315–316
contact dermatitis 150
eye strain 90
noise exposure and hearing
36–37
repetitive motion injuries
352–353
occupational therapy 223, 243, 341
OCT (optical coherence
tomography) 105
ocular albinism (OA) 136
ocular herpes simplex 103
ocular herpes zoster 103
ocular hypertension 97
ocular hypotension 97
oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
135–136
oculomotor nerve 246, 247t
off label use 153
oil of wintergreen 361
olfactory epithelium 53
olfactory nerve 37, 52, 53, 246,
247 t
onychocryptosis. Seeingrown nail
onychomycosis 179
open-angle glaucoma 92, 93t
open fracture 322
operation. See specific operations, e.g.:
amputation
ophthalmic examination 103–104
dark adaptation test 85–86
electroretinography 87
fluorescein staining 91
ophthalmoscopy 104–105
optical coherence tomography
(OCT) 105
refraction test 111
slit lamp examination 117–118
Snellen chart 118
tonometry 119
vision health 122
ophthalmoscopy 104–105
opiates 362, 366, 368. See also
narcotics
opium 361
optical coherence tomography
(OCT) 105
optic disk 105, 107, 113
optic nerve 105, 105 t. See alsooptic
disk
cranial nerves 246, 247t
eye 89
eyes 65
glaucoma 92
intraocular pressure 97
ischemic optic neuropathy
97–98
multiple sclerosis 263
retina 113
retrobulbar optic neuritis
115–116
optic nerve atrophy 94, 105–106,
105 t
optic nerve hypoplasia 106
oral administration of medication
366
oral contraception 132, 374
oral hygiene 25, 26, 39, 44
orbital cellulitis 88, 106, 119
organ harvest 81, 233, 248
organic brain syndrome 272–273,
272 t
organ of Corti 3, 17
Osgood-Schlatter disease 341
OSHA. SeeUS Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
ossification 293, 299, 308
osteoarthritis 341–342
aging, musculoskeletal changes
that occur with 300
cartilage 316
cervical spondylosis 316–317
gout 323–324
joint replacement 328
musculoskeletal system 295
spinal stenosis 356
temporomandibular disorders
359
osteoblast 293, 307, 308
osteochondritis 318
osteochondrosis 341
osteoclast 307–308osteocyte 293, 307, 308
osteogenesis imperfecta 342–343
osteoid 309, 343
osteomalacia 315, 343
osteomyelitis 343–344, 345
osteopenia 310, 344
osteopetrosis 344–345
osteophyte. Seebone spur
osteoporosis 345–347, 346 t
ankle injuries 302
bone density 310
calcium and bone health 313
osteopenia 344
scoliosis 354
osteosarcoma 309
otitis 3, 8, 40,41, 58
otitis externa (swimmer’s ear) 21,
40
otitis interna 40
otitis media 40
achondroplasia 298
eustachian tube 23
mastoiditis 33
myringitis 35
myringotomy 35
ruptured eardrum 48
sinusitis 52
traditions in medical history 5–6
tympanic membrane 59
otoconia 11, 12
otoplasty 14, 41
otorrhea 41
otosclerosis 9, 29, 41
otoscopy 41, 43
ototoxicity 42t, 43
outer ear 20
outer ear barotrauma 11
overdose 368, 384
overuse injury 359–360
Ovid (malathion) 181
oxycodone 363P
pacemaker 385
Paget’s disease of the bone 348
pain 382. See also specific forms of
pain, e.g.acute pain
pain, living with 378
pain and pain management
361–385. See also specific pain
management medications and
techniques, e.g.:analgesic
medications
breakthrough research and
treatment advances 362
mechanisms of 361408 Index