- Cartilaginous joints: cartilage between joint surfaces
- Synchondroses: coastal cartilage, growth plates
- Symphyses: secondary cartilaginous joints; intervertebral disk, pubic symphysis
- Fibrous joints: union of bones by fibrous connective tissue
- Sutures: joints between cranial bones
- Gomphoses: between teeth and jaw
- Syndesmosis: interosseous joints such as sacroiliac joints
Diarthroses: (synovial joints, moveable joints)
- Plane synovial: uniaxial; translatory motion. Z joints, carpal joints
- Ginglymus: uniaxial; hinge motion. Elbow joint
- Trochoid (pivot): uniaxial; rotation of one bone around a single axis. Proximal radioulnar
joint (elbow) - Bicondylar (condyloid): mostly uniaxial, some rotation; two convex condyles articulating
with two concave condyles. Knee joint. - Ellipsoid: biaxial: two orthogonal axis (flexion/extension in one axis,abduction/adduction
in another). Radius, scaphoid and lunate at wrist. - Seller (saddle): multiaxial; two saddle-shaped surfaces articulation with each other.
Sternoclavicular joint. - Spheroidal (ball and socket): multiaxial; three degrees of motion. Glenohumeral
(shoulder) and femeroacetabular joint (hip)
Tendon:
- Connects skeletal muscle to bone
- Type of dense connective tissue: contain collagen fibers in parallel bundles
- Great tensile strength to sustain great forces exerted by muscle belly
Ligament:
- Connects bone to bone
- Dense connective tissue
- More elastic fibers than tendons-must stretch more
- Three types: reinforcing (joint capsules); guiding (in movements); restrictive (limit movement)
Neck:
Flexion: 70-90 degrees
Touch sternum with chin.
Extension: 55 degrees
Try to point up with chin.
Lateral bending: 35 degrees
Bring ear close to shoulder.
Rotation: 70 degrees left & right
Turn head to the left, then right.
Lumbar Spine: