Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

762 APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY

Drug name (trade orother names)

Pharmacology andindications

Adverse effects andprecautions

Dosing information andcomments

Formulations

Dosage (unlessotherwise indicated,dose is the same fordogs and cat)

Clomipramine(Clomicalm[veterinary]; Anafranil[human])

Tricyclic antidepressant(TCA) drug. Used inpeople to treat anxietyand depression. Used inanimals to treat variety ofbehavioral disorders,including obsessivecompulsive disorders andseparation anxiety. Actionis via inhibition of uptakeof serotonin atpresynaptic nerveterminals.

Reported adverse effectsinclude sedation, reducedappetite. Other sideeffects associated withTCAs are antimuscariniceffects (dry mouth, rapidheart rate) andantihistamine effects(sedation). Overdoses canproduce life-threateningcardiotoxicity.

When adjusting doses,one may initiate therapywith low dose andincrease gradually. Theremay be a 2–4 week delayafter initiation of therapybefore beneficial effectsare seen.

5, 20, 80 mg tablets(veterinary); 10, 25,50 mg tablets(human).

Dog: 1–2 mg/kg q12h po.Cat: 1–5 mg per catq12–24h po.

Cloxacillin sodium(Cloxapen, Ortoenin,Tegopen)

β-lactam antibiotic.Inhibits bacterial cell wallsynthesis. Spectrum islimited to gram-positivebacteria, especiallystaphylococci.

Use cautiously in animalsallergic to penicillin-likedrugs.

Doses based onempiricism orextrapolation from humanstudies. No clinicalefficacy studies availablefor dogs or cats. Oralabsorption is poor; ifpossible, administer onempty stomach.

250, 500 mgcapsules, 25 mg/mLoral solution.

20–40 mg/kg q8h po.

Colchicine (generic)

Antiinflammatory agent.Used primarily to treatgout. In animals, used todecrease fibrosis anddevelopment of hepaticfailure (possibly byinhibiting formation ofcollagen).

Do not administer topregnant animals.Adverse effects are notwell documented inanimals. Colchicine maycause dermatitis inpeople.

Doses based onempiricism. There are nowell-controlled efficacystudies in veterinaryspecies.

500, 600

μgtablets

and 500

μg/mL

ampule injection.

0.01–0.03 mg/kg q24hpo.