Science - USA (2022-04-15)

measured the relationship between the pair-
wise Pearson activity correlations to the distance
between ROIs with a linear regression (Fig.
2, C to H).
We first concentrated on type 1 PTNs. We
observed strong compartmentalization of the
tuft tree with a significant correlation between
the tree structure and calcium activity during
both motor tasks: hand reach and running on

treadmill. The first cluster, with the smallest

calcium event amplitudes, typically involved

correlated activity of individual or sister

branches (Fig. 2, E and H). For this cluster,

the Mantel statistics were relatively low (Fig.

2I), as was the linear correlation between the

Pearson values and dendritic distance (Fig. 2, J

to L, and fig. S4A; linear regression permuta-

tion test). For events with intermediate am-

plitudes corresponding to clusters 2 and 3, we

observed high correlation between the activity

and the tree structure, with strong compart-

mentalization of the tuft tree, ranging from

correlated activity mapped to secondary and

tertiary branches (event cluster 2; Fig. 2, C to

H) or entire hemi-trees (event cluster 3; Fig.

2, C to H). The strong correlation between

the anatomical and activity matrices in these

270 15 APRIL 2022¥VOL 376 ISSUE 6590 science.orgSCIENCE

Fig. 3. Homogeneous activity
in tuft dendrites of type 2
thick-tufted layer 5 PTNs
during running on treadmill
and hand reach.(AtoK) As in
(C) to (M) of Fig. 2 for type
2 PTNs. p< 0.05, p< 0.01,
p< 0.001; blue asterisk,
mean value. One-way ANOVA
with Tukey post-hoc test
(9 neurons, 9 animals,
25 sessions). (L) Pairwise
Pearson correlation coefficient
matrices computed for all cal-
cium events for type 1 (left)
and type 2 (right) PTNs.
(Bottom) Pearson correlation
values as a function of shortest
path distance fitted with a
linear regression model for all
events calculated for type
1 (left) and type 2 (right) PTNs.
Type 1 PTN as in Fig. 2, C to E,
and type 2 as in (A) to (C).
(MtoP) Box plots are the same
as in (G) to (I) and (K) when all
calcium events are considered for
type 1 and type 2 PTNs.

Type 2 PTNs

Activity matrix vs. distance matrix

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Mantel

1234

Event cluster #

*

**

G

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

R²

1234

Event cluster #

Linear regression model

H

Linear regression model

**

****

-1.2

-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

1234

Event cluster #

Slope

**

I

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

R²

1234

Event cluster #

Linear regression model

within hemi-tree

J

Hand reach

Distance (μm)

-0.5 0 0.2 0 .3

-0.3

-0.1

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.1

PC1

PC2

D

E

Structural distance matrix F Pearson correlation

R² =0.05, Slope= -0.122

Correlation

-0.2 150 300 450

0.6

1

0.2

Event cluster 1

ROIs

(^1) ROIs
27
172
R²=0.099, Slope=-0.231
-0.2 150 300 450
0.2
0.6
1
Event cluster 2
1
27
172
R²=0.037, Slope=-0.135
150 300 450
0.2
0.6
1
Event cluster 3
1
27
172
R²=0.009, Slope=-0.063
150 300 450
0.2
0.6
1
-0.2
Event cluster 4
0
1
1
27
172
-0.2
0
400
ROIs (μm)
ROIs
1721
27
Left
Right
Mantel =0.258, p< 0.001 Mantel =0.315, p< 0.001 Mantel =0.192, p=0.007 Mantel =0.095, p=0.09
PC1
PC2
-0.2
0.2
0.6
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Distance (μm)
Treadmill
A
B
Structural distance matrix C Pearson correlation
R² =0.012, Slope=-0.069
Correlation
150250350450
0.2
0.6
-0.2
50
Event cluster 1
ROIs
(^113) ROIs 1
13
R²=0.06, Slope=-0.12
-0.2 50 150250 450
0.2
1
0.6
350
Event cluster 2
(^1131)
13
R²=0.023, Slope=-0.055
50 150250350450
Event cluster 3
(^1131)
13
R²=0.008, Slope=0.03
50 150250 450
0.2
0.6
1
-0.2 350
Event cluster 4
0
1
(^1131)
13
0
400
ROIs (μm)
ROIs
1311
13
-0.2
0.2
1
0.6
1
Mantel =0.107, p=0.194 Mantel =0.246, p=0.025 Mantel =0.152, p=0.111 Mantel =-0.089, p=0.237
L
R²=0.736, Slope=-0.259
200 1400
1
Correlation0.4
Type 1 PTN
ROIs
(^1) ROIs 191
19
Mantel =0.858, p< 0.001
R²=0, Slope=0.001
50 450
Type 2 PTN
1 131
13
Mantel =-0.003, p=0.503
0.4
1
Distance (μm)
ROIs
ROIs
Correlation
Distance (μm)
Correlation matrices for type 1 and type 2 PTNs - All events
0.5
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
R²
1 2
Neuron type
Linear regression
model
N

---

Linear regression
model
O

---

Pearson correlation
-2
0
4
8
12
14
Z-score
1234
Event cluster #
Within-between permutation
test
K
2
6
10
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Mantel
1 2
Neuron type
Activity matrix vs.
distance matrix
M

---

0
Within-between
permutation test
P

---

-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
Slope
1 2
Neuron type
0
-4
0
4
8
12
Z-score
1 2
Neuron type
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