Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications

nonlinear optics, 272
CCD array technology,129. See also
Multichannel detectors
Cell staining, 230
Charge carriers, 116
Chromophore,151.See alsoAbsorption
Cladding.SeeOpticalfibers
CMOS array technology,130.See also
Multichannel detectors
Coated hollow-corefibers, 75
Coherence length, 45 ,290.See also
Optical coherence
Coherence time,45. See alsoOptical
coherence
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering.See
CARS
Confocal microscopy, 239
conjugate planes, 240
opticalfiber-based, 241
slit scanning, 240
Connective tissue, 19
Contrast, 227
Core.SeeOpticalfibers
Critical angle of incidence,39. See also
Reflection
C-scan, 284
Cutoff wavelength,59.See alsoOpticalfibers
Cytoplasm,18.See alsoEukaryotic cells

D
Dark current, 126
dBm,14.See alsoDecibels
Decibels,13.See alsoAttenuation
Detectivity, 128
Diagnostic window, 11
Dichroicfilter,134.See alsoOpticalfilters
Diffraction limit, 236
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy, 267
autocorrelation function, 267
experimental DCS setup, 267
specklefluctuations of photons, 267
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.SeeElastic
scattering spectroscopy
Diffuse reflection, 43 , 147
Diffusion length,118. See alsoPhotodetector
Dipole, 46
dipole moment, 46
induced dipole moment, 47
polarizability, 47
Distal end, 190
Double-cladfibers, 73
Dual wave-particle picture, 25

E

Elastic scattering,156.See alsoScattering

Elastic scattering spectroscopy, 265

ESS opticalfiber probe, 265

photon collection volume, 266

Elastography, 302

Electromagnetic spectrum, 10

Electromagnetic waves, 26

Electron volt, 36

ELISA,202. See alsoOptical sensors

Endoscope, 295

Endoscopy, 295

basic endoscope system, 296

endoscope types, 295

endoscopic procedures, 295

tethered capsule endomicroscopy, 299

Energy band concept, 97

bandgap, 97

conduction band, 97

free electrons, 97

holes, 97

valence band, 97

Energy density.SeeRadiant exposure

Enzymes, 15

Epithelial tissue, 19

Eukaryotic cells, 17

Evanescentfield,58.See alsoOpticalfibers

Evanescentfield perturbation,202. See also

Optical sensors

Exposure rate, 90

External reflection,38. See alsoReflection

Ex vivo, 4

F

Fiber beat length,72.See also

Polarization-maintainingfiber

Fiber Bragg grating, 68

Fiber Bragg grating sensors, 215

biosensor applications, 215

FBG-based catheter sensor, 216

smart-bed FBG system, 215

FLIM, 258

exponentialfluorescence decays, 261

fluorescence lifetime, 259

fluorescence quenching, 260

quenching molecules, 260

Fluorescence, 183

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, 261

autocorrelation function, 263

correlation function, 264

detection volume, 263

diffusion coefficient, 262

340 Index