Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications

(Dana P.) #1

diffusion time, 262 , 264
lateral diffusion, 261
molecular diffusion processes, 261
spontaneousfluorescent intensity
fluctuations, 261
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
SeeFLIM
Fluorescence microscopy, 241
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer.See
FRET
Fluorescence spectroscopy, 253
energy transition diagram, 255
genericfluorescence process, 254
internal conversion, 254
intersystem crossing, 255
soft tissue pathology, 253
vibrational relaxation, 254
Fluorophores, 183
extrinsicfluorophores, 184 , 242
fluorescent protein, 184
internalfluorophores, 242
intrinsicfluorophores, 183
photobleaching, 242
Flux, 90
Förster resonance energy transfer.SeeFRET
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 276
Fractional laser treatment, 176
Fresnel equations, 40
FRET, 255
absorption and emission spectra, 257
acceptorfluorophore, 256
commonly used FRET pairs, 258
donorfluorophore, 256
energetically oscillating dipole, 256
energy transfer efficiency, 257
FRET process, 256
Förster distance, 257
state transitions, 257
Fundamental mode,58.See alsoOpticalfibers
Fused-fiber couplers, 137


G
Gas lasers,109.See alsoLasers
Gaussian intensity profile, 318
Geometrical optics, 27
Greenfluorescent protein, 184 , 194


H
Hard-clad silicafibers, 74
Hemoglobin, 15 ,152. See alsoAbsorption
deoxyhemoglobin, 152
oxyhemoglobin, 152
Hyperspectral imaging, 308


I
Index of refraction, 8
Intensity, 91
Interference, 44
constructive interference, 44
destructive interference, 44
interference equation,44.See also
Reflection
Interferometric sensors, 208
Mach-Zehnder interferometer, 209
Michelson interferometer, 211
operational concept, 208
Sagnac interferometer, 212
Internal reflection,38.See also
Reflection
Inverted microscope, 229
In vitro, 4
In vivo, 3
Irradiance, 90 , 165

J
Jablonski diagram, 183

L
Lab-on-a-chip technology, 321
Lab-on-fiber concept, 218 , 323
Lambertian source.
SeeIntensity
Laser diodes, 104
direct modulation, 105
distributed feedback laser, 106
Fabry-Perot laser, 105
vertical cavity surface-emitting laser
(VCSEL), 106
Lasers, 101
active medium, 103
basic principle of
operation, 102
laser cavity, 103
laser diode, 103
lasing efficiency, 104
lasing mode, 103
lasing threshold, 103
mode-locked laser, 104
pumping, 102
Q-switched laser, 104
quantum cascade laser, 107
spontaneous emission, 102
stimulated emission, 102
tunable laser, 103
Lateral resolution, 290
Light absorption, 11
Light diffuser, 172

Index 341

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