T E SH I K- TASH 395
(1940) and Weidenreich (1945) concurred; nobody
has demurred.
MORPHOLOGY
Cranium with mandible, of child. Upper teeth pre-
sent are 11s and 12s and Mls erupted; Rdm2 still in
place; Cs, RP1, and M2s erupting; wax in region of
Ldml-2/Ps. Lower teeth present are I1 and I~s, dcs,
dml and dm2s, and Mls; Cs, Pls, and M2s visible in
crypts and beginning to erupt. Orbital structures not
preserved. Heavily reconstructed in parts, particularly
nasal region.
Skull lightly built, long, and somewhat oblong. In
side profile, there is only a hint of a supraglabellar plane
at transition between the slightly protruding glabellar
region and the fairly steep and s/i tall frontal rise that
begins just behind the orbital margin. Well up on
frontal, profile curves smoothly and broadly back into a
gentle slope that continues to region above mastoid
processes; there, profile turns down as a moderately
steep, straight surface that continues well along the
roundedly bulging occipital before curving down and
forward into the relatively long nuchal plane. Also in
profile, facial skeleton is not protruding and brow
smoothly rounded. From above, skull appears long and
somewhat narrow, widest above regions of asterion.
From there, sides taper gently forward toward supraor-
bital region, which is barely visible from above. Posteri-
orly from widest point, sides turn in more noticeably
toward rounded rear. From behind, cranial walls appear
somewhat vertical low down but have slight outward
bulge. Outline more rounded across parietal and top of
skull (“en bornbe”).
From front, upper face appears large relative to
lower face. Orbits relatively very large and taller s/i
than wide m/l. Superior (preserved both sides) and in-
ferior (preserved on L) orbital margins slope down lat-
erally toward rounded corners (strong “aviator glasses”
shape). Smooth, somewhat mounded brows are con-
fluent across the slightly swollen glabellar region.
Brows tallest s/i medially, tapering strongly laterally.
Orbital roofs make sharp angle with anterior surface of
brows. Face not puffy (infraorbital region, preserved on
the L, not swollen, but angles back and down in side
view). Frontal process of zygoma relatively thin,
gracile; oriented slightly anteriorly and medially (upper
face appears to narrow from top to bottom, similar to
orbit). Anterior roots of zygomatic arches take origin
above or even slightly anterior to upper M1 and
(despite damage to zygomatic suture) appear to have
swept at least outward and slightly back.
Moderately m/l wide nasal bones are preserved
superiorly; they are from side to side and are fairly steep
as they descend from low-placed region of nasion, but
show a strong forward curve toward broken inferior
edge. Nasal aperture (filled with plaster) had been very
wide, especially inferiorly, but not very tall s/i. As seen
on the L, lower extent of frontal process of maxilla is
distended slightly anteriorly (suggesting snout would
have projected more in adult). Planes of maxilla is and
frontal process form something of an angle at their
juncture. Also as seen on the L, lateral crest (margin of
aperture) is well defined; it curves around inferolateral
“corner” of aperture to meet a blunt, not very protruding
anterior nasal spine. Both anterior nasal spines pre-
served; they are well separated from each other. No evi-
dence of prenasal fossa in the tiny bit of nasal floor ex-
posed. Nasoalveolar clivus is very short s/i, almost flat
from side to side, and nearly vertical near nasal aperture,
but curves gently forward toward alveolar margin. Large
roots of large anterior teeth furrow its surface.
Frontal process of zygoma is relatively thin, gracile;
oriented slightly anteriorly and medially (like orbits,
upper face appears to narrow from top to bottom).
Weak temporal lines come up from behind zygomatic
process of frontal and curve sharply back to course
(almost horizontally) in gentle arc posteriorly to well
beyond squamous suture to curve back in and then
down from just behind mastoid region. L temporal
process of zygoma is gracile, suggesting a thin zygo-
matic arch. Temporal fossa is deeper anteriorly; tapers
drastically to the broken posterior root of zygomatic
arch. There was apparently an anterior squamosal “cor-
ner” (better seen on L), but apparently no “cornering”
to delineate separate temporal and infratemporal fossae.
Squamous itself is relatively short and tightly arcuate
along its sutural margin down to the deep, narrow
parietal notch. Parietomastoid and anterior lambdoid
sutures were apparently long and horizontal.
Articular fossae fairly m/l wide, deepest in mid-
line; posterior and especially the anterior walls slope
strongly away from this point (making fossae long
a/p). No articular eminence. On the R, fossa runs
directly laterally; on the L, it faces obliquely forward.
Medial articular tubercle well developed; closes off R
fossa. L auditory meatus appears occluded; damaged
on the R. Suprameatal crests very low, obliquely
oriented up and back. Anterior roots of zygomatic
arches take origin above (or even slightly anterior to)