418 ASIA, EASTERN AND CENTRi\L
occipital condyle arced downward strongly and tapered
anteriorly; it sits quite anteriorly on rim of foramen
magnum. Pterygoid plates join together well below
their superior roots. Foramen ovale lies well behind
and lateral to the lateral pterygoid plate.
Internally a raised, ridge-like internal occipital
protuberance lies far forward, only a few centimeters
behind rim of foramen magnum. R transverse sinus is
well delineated; takes origin from behind internal
occipital protuberance, and runs as sigmoid sinus
around cerebellar depression to region of occipital
condyle. Medial face of very wide petrosal bears a
longitudinal sulcus (may represent another branch of
transverse/sigmoid sinus, but intervening region
is damaged). Broad superior surface of petrosal is
broadly curved upward in region of arcuate eminence;
there is a thin superior petrous sinus. Meningeal
artery impressions present but difficult to trace.
Palate restored in part; was clearly relatively long,
not very wide, and quite deep, with tall lateral walls
and a steep anterior slope that levels out posteriorly in
region of P2. In outline, dental arcade quite U shaped,
cornering at Cs. Small incisive foramen lies well above
alveolar margin.
As seen on the R, I1 is much longer m/d than 12.
Both 11s had thick margocristae (suggesting shovel-
ing). R12 bears deep lingual pit (suggesting original
barrel shape). Cs not large at bases; roots do not ex-
tend upward beyond inferior nasal margin. As seen on
the L, P1 slightly longer m/d on buccal side than P2,
but shorter lingually. Both Ps show evidence for small
anterior and posterior foveae. M1 somewhat larger
m/d and b/l than M2; M2 markedly larger than M3.
M1 and M2 have large paracones and smaller and
compressed metacones. M1 hypocone large; swells out
distolingual corner of crown. In that region, M2
is thickened by beaded postcingulum. Lingual side
of M2 rounded. Occlusal surfaces of small M3s
dominated by thick wrinkling.REFERENCES
Chen, T. et al. 1994. Antiquity of Homo sapiens in China.Lii, 2. 1985. The excavation andsigntficance of the Jinniushan
site. Beijing, Peking University Archaeological Depart-
ment Publications.
Pope, G. 1992. Craniofacial evidence for the origin of mod-
ern humans in China. Yrhk Phys. Anthopol. 35: 243-298.
Wu, R. 1988. The reconstruction of the fossil human skull
from Jinniushan, Yinkou, Liaoning Province and its main
features. Acta Anthropol. Sin. 7: 101-107.
Wu, X. and F. Poirier. 1995. Human Evolution in China.
New York, Oxford University Press.Nature 368: 55-60.Repository
Department of Archaeology, Peking University, Beijing
100871, China.