291
Liu G, Bafico A, Harris VK, Aaronson SA (2003) A novel mechanism for Wnt activation of
canonical signaling through the LRP6 receptor. Mol Cell Biol 23:5825–5835
Liu P, Wakamiya M, Shea MJ et al (1999b) Requirement for Wnt3 in vertebrate axis formation.
Nat Genet 22:361–365. doi:10.1038/11932
Long WL (1983) The role of the yolk syncytial layer in determination of the plane of bilateral sym-
metry in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J Exp Zool 228:91–97
Lu F-I, Thisse C, Thisse B (2011) Identification and mechanism of regulation of the zebrafish dor-
sal determinant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:15876–15880. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106801108
Lu X, Borchers AGM, Jolicoeur C et al (2004) PTK7/CCK-4 is a novel regulator of planar cell
polarity in vertebrates. Nature 430:93–98. doi:10.1038/nature02677
Lustig KD, Kroll KL, Sun EE, Kirschner MW (1996) Expression cloning of a Xenopus T-related
gene (Xombi) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation. Development
122:4001–4012
Luther WH (1935) Entwicklungsphysiologische Untersuchungen am Forellenkeim: die Rolle des
Organisationszentrums bei der Entstehung der Embryonalanlage. Biol Zentralbl 55:114–137
Lutz H (1949) Sur la production expérimentale de la polyembryone et de la monstruosité double
chez les oiseaux. Arch Anat Microsc Morphol Exp 39:79–144
Lyman Gingerich J, Westfall TA, Slusarski DC, Pelegri F (2005) hecate, a zebrafish maternal effect
gene, affects dorsal organizer induction and intracellular calcium transient frequency. Dev Biol
286:427–439. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.07.031
MacDonald BT, Tamai K, He X (2009) Wnt/beta-catenin signaling: components, mechanisms, and
diseases. Dev Cell 17:9–26. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.06.016
Malacinski GM, Benford H, Chung HM (1975) Association of an ultraviolet irradiation sensitive
cytoplasmic localization with the future dorsal side of the amphibian egg. J Exp Zool 191:97–
- doi:10.1002/jez.1401910110
Manes ME, Elinson RP (1980) Ultraviolet light inhibits grey crescent formation on the frog egg.
Wilhelm Roux's Arch Dev Biol 189:73–76
Manes ME, Elinson RP, Barbieri FD (1978) Formation of the amphibian grey crescent: effects of
colchicine and cytochalasin B. Wilhelm Roux's Arch Dev Biol 185:99–104
Mao J, Wang J, Liu B et al (2001) Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 binds to Axin
and regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Cell 7:801–809
Marchal L, Luxardi G, Thomé V, Kodjabachian L (2009) BMP inhibition initiates neural induction
via FGF signaling and Zic genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:17437–17442. doi:10.1073/
pnas.0906352106
Maretto S, Cordenonsi M, Dupont S et al (2003) Mapping Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during
mouse development and in colorectal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:3299–3304.
doi:10.1073/pnas.0434590100
Marikawa Y, Elinson RP (1999) Relationship of vegetal cortical dorsal factors in the Xenopus egg
with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Mech Dev 89:93–102
Marikawa Y, Li Y, Elinson RP (1997) Dorsal determinants in the Xenopus egg are firmly associ-
ated with the vegetal cortex and behave like activators of the Wnt pathway. Dev Biol 191:69– - doi:10.1006/dbio.1997.8710
Marlow F, Topczewski J, Sepich D, Solnica-Krezel L (2002) Zebrafish Rho kinase 2 acts down-
stream of Wnt11 to mediate cell polarity and effective convergence and extension movements.
Curr Biol 12:876–884
Marrari Y, Clarke EJ, Rouvière C, Houliston E (2003) Analysis of microtubule movement on
isolated Xenopus egg cortices provides evidence that the cortical rotation involves dynein as
well as Kinesin Related Proteins and is regulated by local microtubule polymerisation. Dev
Biol 257:55–70
Marrari Y, Rouvière C, Houliston E (2004) Complementary roles for dynein and kinesins in the
Xenopus egg cortical rotation. Dev Biol 271:38–48. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.018
Marrari Y, Terasaki M, Arrowsmith V, Houliston E (2000) Local inhibition of cortical rotation in
Xenopus eggs by an anti-KRP antibody. Dev Biol 224:250–262. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9773
Martello G, Zacchigna L, Inui M et al (2007) MicroRNA control of Nodal signalling. Nature
449:183–188. doi:10.1038/nature06100
6 Vertebrate Axial Patterning: From Egg to Asymmetry