© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 537
F. Pelegri et al. (eds.), Vertebrate Development, Advances in Experimental
Medicine and Biology 953, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6
A
A yolk nucleus, 186
Acrosome, 181
Activin/TGF-β signals
nodal morphogen gradient, 353–354
nodal reaction-diffusion mechanism,
354–355
repressor, 353
temporal gradient model, 356
AGC-type kinase greatwall (Gwl), 94
Amniote embryos
axis formation, sauropsids, 221–223
mammalian embryo, polarization,
223–225
Amniotes, 315, 316, 318–322
birds
area pellucida (ap), 315
avian and reptilian embryos, 315
blastocoel (bc), 316
epiblast, 316
Koller’s sickle (KS), 316
meroblastic cleavages, 315
KS/PMZ, 336–337
mammals
eutherians, 318–319
metaeutherians, 319
monotremes, 318
node, 334–336
reptilian embryos, 316
teleosts (see Teleosts)
Amphibian(s)
bottle cells, 320
convergence movements, 320
dramatic apical constriction, 320
holoblastic cleavage, 320
mesoderm induction, 329–331
Nieuwkoop Center, 330–331
organizer, 329
presumptive axial and paraxial
mesoderm, 320
tetrapods, family of, 319
three-signal model, 331–332
Amphibian cortical rotation
anurans, 215–218
and dorsal determinant transport,
zebrafish, 219, 221
sybu and grip2a, 221
urodeles, 218, 219
Amphibian fate map
blastoderm stage, 325
blastula/gastrula stage embryo, 324
endodermal and mesodermal tissues, 325
HRP enzyme, 324
urodele and anuran embryos, 324
Anaphase-promoting complex (APC), 9–11,
30, 31
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome
(APC/C)
Cullin-like subunit Apc2, 89
HECT ligases, 89
ligase activity, mitotic, 89
poly-ubiquitylation, 89
PP2A-B ́56 phosphatase, 97
regulation, 90
RING finger protein Apc11, 89
UbcH10, 89
Ube2S, 89
ubiquitin E3 ligase, 89
Animal-vegetal axis
dorsal-ventral (DV) axis, 175
germ plasm, 175
and RNA localization, 178–179