538
Animal-vegetal axis (cont.)
sperm entry region, 175, 180
vertebrates, 190
Anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), 235, 242,
244, 256–263, 268
Anteroposterior axis patterning, 258, 260–264
artificial neural induction, 255
hypoblast/anterior visceral endoderm,
257–258
hypoblast/AVE
formation, 258
Lefty1-expressing cells, 260
migration, 258, 260
molecular regulation
nodal and admp, 263
nodal and wnt antagonists, 261
nodal signals, 262
wnt/BMP and nodal/BMP, 262
Wnt3, 262
mouse, 259
Nieuwkoop model, 256
vertebrates, 256
wnt signaling
and posterior specification, 263, 264
anterior neural fate, 263
APC/CCdc20, 90
Argonaute (AGO) proteins, 496–499
Ascidians, 412–415
de novo formation, germ cells, 416
germ line, 411, 412
solitary and colonial
CAB, 413
CiVH-positive cells, 413
gonad regeneration, 414–415
postplasm, 412
vasa-mRNA, 413, 414
Aspartate-based phosphatases FCP/SCP, 91
Aster centering
Caenorhabditis elegans and yeast, 126
microtubule polymerization, 126
pulling interactions, 126, 127
Xenopus eggs, 128
AU-rich element-mediated mRNA
destabilization, 504
Aurora kinase B (Aur B), 122, 123
Autoamplification loop, Cdk1, 87–89
Autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation,
510–511
Avian fate map, 326–327
Axial morphogenesis, 265, 269–271
gastrulation (see Gastrulation)
mesendoderm, 265
molecular regulation
FGF signaling, 271
Tgfb signaling, 271
Wnt/PCP, 270
Xenopus and zebrafish embryos, 269
vertebrate embryos, 265
vertebrate gastrulation, 265
Axial polarity and bilateral symmetry, 223
Axis formation, 211, 219, 221–223, 241–245
amniotes
chicks, 243
Gdf1 and Wnt8a signals, 242
mouse, 243–245
Wnt and Tgfb signaling, 241
fish and frogs, 221
mammals, 274
mechanisms, 215
sauropsids, gravity, 221–223
vertebrates, 272
zebrafish, 219B
Balbiani body (Bb), 396
CAC motifs, 187
dependent RNA localization, 187–188
germ granules/nuage, 197–198
independent RNA localization, 188–190
nanos MCLE motif, 187
oogenesis, 186
photobleaching, 188
Rbpms2, 187
themes, 186
UGCAC, 187
wnt11, 176
Xenopus and zebrafish, 186
Beta-catenin
axis formation, 234–235, 241–245
BMP, 240
FGF, 241
germ layers, 238–241
nodal activity, 239
sia1 and dharma, 240
transcriptional regulation, 229–230
transduction mechanisms, 227–229
Xenopus, 235–237, 240
zebrafish, 237–239
Bicaudal-C (Bic-C)
Cripto-1 mRNA, 69
network encode embryonic cell-fate
regulators, 71
posttranscriptional network, 71
RNA binding site, 69, 70
vegetal cell translational repressor, 68Index