Cysteine Modification 53
Slatin SL, Qiu XQ, Jakes KS, Finkelstein A (1994) Identification of a translocated protein segment
in a voltage-dependent channel. Nature 371(6493):158–161. doi:10.1038/371158a0
Small LD (1976) Synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial screening of two thiosulfonates. J
Pharm Sci 65(11):1692–1694
Smyth DG, Blumenfeld OO, Konigsberg W (1964) Reactions of N-ethylmaleimide with peptides
and amino acids. Biochem J 91(3):589–595
Sobolevsky AI, Beck C, Wollmuth LP (2002a) Molecular rearrangements of the extracellular ves-
tibule in NMDAR channels during gating. Neuron 33(1):75–85
Sobolevsky AI, Rooney L, Wollmuth LP (2002b) Staggering of subunits in NMDAR channels.
Biophys J 83(6):3304–3314. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(02)75331-9
Sobolevsky AI, Yelshansky MV, Wollmuth LP (2005) State-dependent changes in the electro-
static potential in the pore of a GluR channel. Biophys J 88(1):235–242. doi:10.1529/bio-
physj.104.049411
Sobolevsky AI, Rosconi MP, Gouaux E (2009) X-ray structure, symmetry and mechanism of
an AMPA-subtype glutamate receptor. Nature 462(7274):745–756. doi:nature08624 [pii]
10.1038/nature08624 [doi]
Song J, Midson C, Blachly-Dyson E, Forte M, Colombini M (1998a) The sensor regions of VDAC
are translocated from within the membrane to the surface during the gating processes. Biophys
J 74(6):2926–2944. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(98)78000-2
Song J, Midson C, Blachly-Dyson E, Forte M, Colombini M (1998b) The topology of VDAC as
probed by biotin modification. J Biol Chem 273(38):24406–24413
Stauffer DA, Karlin A (1994) Electrostatic potential of the acetylcholine binding sites in the nico-
tinic receptor probed by reactions of binding-site cysteines with charged methanethiosulfo-
nates. Biochemistry 33(22):6840–6849
Sunesen M, de Carvalho LP, Dufresne V, Grailhe R, Savatier-Duclert N, Gibor G, Peretz A, Attali
B, Changeux JP, Paas Y (2006) Mechanism of Cl– selection by a glutamate-gated chloride (Glu-
Cl) receptor revealed through mutations in the selectivity filter. J Biol Chem 281(21):14875–
- doi:M511657200 [pii] 10.1074/jbc.M511657200
Teissere JA, Czajkowski C (2001) A (beta)-strand in the (gamma)2 subunit lines the benzodiaz-
epine binding site of the GABA A receptor: structural rearrangements detected during channel
gating. J Neurosci 21 (14):4977–4986. doi:21/14/4977 [pii]
Thompson EO, O’Donnell IJ (1961) Quantitative reduction of disulphide bonds in proteins using
high concentrations of mercaptoethanol. Biochim Biophys Acta 53:447–449
Todd AP, Cong J, Levinthal F, Levinthal C, Hubbell WL (1989) Site-directed mutagenesis of co-
licin E1 provides specific attachment sites for spin labels whose spectra are sensitive to local
conformation. Proteins 6(3):294–305. doi:10.1002/prot.340060312
Tu LW, Deutsch C (2010) A folding zone in the ribosomal exit tunnel for Kv1.3 helix formation. J
Mol Biol 396(5):1346–1360. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.12.059
Unwin N (2005) Refined structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 4 A resolution. J Mol
Biol 346(4):967–989. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.031 [doi]
Unwin N, Fujiyoshi Y (2012) Gating movement of acetylcholine receptor caught by plunge-freez-
ing. J Mol Biol 422(5):617–634. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2012.07.010
Vansteveninck J, Weed RI, Rothstein A (1965) Localization of erythrocyte membrane sulfhydryl
groups essential for glucose transport. J Gen Physiol 48:617–632
Williams DB, Akabas MH (1999) gamma-aminobutyric acid increases the water accessibility of
M3 membrane-spanning segment residues in gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Bio-
phys J 77(5):2563–2574
Williams DB, Akabas MH (2000) Benzodiazepines induce a conformational change in the region
of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha(1)-subunit M3 membrane-spanning
segment. Mol Pharmacol 58(5):1129–1136
Williams DB, Akabas MH (2001) Evidence for distinct conformations of the two alpha 1
subunits in diazepam-bound GABA(A) receptors. Neuropharmacology 41(5):539–545.
doi:S0028390801000995 [pii]