Fumigant Toxicity of Nutmeg Seed Essential Oil ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.) ... 133
Forrest JE, Heacock RA (1972) Nutmeg and mace; the
psychotropic Spices from Myristica Fragrans, Lloydia
35:440–449
Grover JK, Khandkar S, Vats V, Dhunnoo Y, Das D (2002)
Pharmacological studies on Myristica fragrans--antid-
iarrheal, hypnotic, analgesic and hemodynamic (blood
pressure) parameters. Experimental Clinical Pharma-
col 24(10):675–80
Haque MA, Nakakita H, Ikenaga H, Sota N (2000) Devel-
opment inhibiting activity of some tropical plants
against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera
Curculionidae). J Stored Prod Res 36:281–287
Hedin PA, Hollingsworth RM, Masler EP, Miyamoto J,
Thompson DG (1997) Phytochemicals for pest con-
trol, ACS Symp series no. 658. American Chemical
Society, Washington DC
Houghton PJ, Ren Y, Howes MJ (2006) Acetylcholines-
terase inhibitors from plants and fungi. Nat Prod Rep
23:181–199
Isman MB (2000) Plant essential oils for pest and disease
management. Crop Prot 19:603–608
Isman MB (2006) Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and
repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly
regulated world. Annu Rev Entomol 51:45–66
Isman MB, Machial CM, Miresmailli S, Bainard LD
(2007) Essential oil-based pesticides: new insights
from old chemistry. In: Ohkawa H, Miyagawa H,
Lee P (eds) Pesticide chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim,
pp 201–209
Kenaga EE (1957) Some biological, chemical and physi-
cal properties of sulfuryl fluoride as an insecticidal
fumigant. J Econ Entomol 50:1–6
Kenaga EE (1961) Time, temperature and dosage rela-
tionships of several insecticidal fumigants. J Econ
Entomol 54:537–542
Konstantopoulou LL, Vassilopoulou L, Mavragani-
Tsipidou P, Scouras ZG (1992) Insecticidal effects of
essential oils. A study of the effects of essential oils
extracted from eleven Greek aromatic plants on Dro-
sophila auraria. Experientia 48:616–619
Lee BH, Annis PC, Tumaalii FA, Choi WS (2004) Fumi-
gant toxicity of essential oils from the Myrtaceae
family and 1, 8-cineole against 3 major stored-grain
insects. J Stored Prod Res 40:553–564
Lindgren DL, Vincent LE (1966) Relative toxicity of
hydrogen phosphide to various stored-product insects.
J Stored Prod Res 2:141–146
Naghibi F, Mosaddegh M, Mohammadi MS, Ghorbani A
(2005) Labiatae family in folk medicine in Iran, from
ethnobotany to pharmacology. Iranian J Pharm Res
2:63–79
Negahban M, Moharramipour S, SeWdkon F (2007)
Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia
sieberi Besser against three stored product insects. J
Stored Prod Res 43:123–128
Olajide OA, Ajayi FF, Ekhelar AI, Awe SO, Makinde JM,
Alada AR (1999) Biological effects of Myristica fra-
grans (nutmeg) extract. Phytother Res 13:344–345
Panayotopoulos DJ, Chisholm DD (1970) Halluceno-
genic effect ofNutmeg. Brithish medical J 1:754–760
Pimentel MAG, Faroni LRDA, Guedes RNC, Sousa AH,
Tótola MR (2009) Phosphine resistance in Brazilian
populations of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Cole-
optera: Curculionidae). J Stored Prod Res 45:71–74
Rajendran S, Sriranjini V (2008) Plant products as fumi-
gants for stored-product insect control. J Stored Prod
Res 44:126–135
Regnault-Roger C (1997) The potential of botanical
essential oils for insect pest control. Integr Pest Man-
age Rev 2:25–34
Regnault-Roger C, Hamraoui A (1995) Fumigant toxic
activity and reproductive inhibition induced by mono-
terpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleop-
tera), a bruchid of kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris
L.). J Stored Prod Res 31:291–299
Ren YL, Mahona D, Gravera JVS, Head M (2008) Fumi-
gation trial on direct application of liquid carbonyl sul-
phide to wheat in a 2500 t concrete silo. J Stored Prod
Res 44:115–125
SAS (2000) SAS Institute, SAS/STAT user’s guide, ver-
sion 8. SAS, Cary, p 3, 884
Schmutterer H (1992) Control of diamondback moth by
application of neem extracts. In: Talekar NS (ed) Dia-
mondback moth and other crucifer pests. Proceedings
of Second International Workshop Asian Vegetable
Research and Development Center, Taipei. Taiwan,
pp 325–332
Shaaya E, Kostjukovski M, Eilberg J, Sukprakam C
(1997) Plant oils as fumigant and contact insecticides
for the control of stored product insects. J Stored Prod
Res 33:7–15
Soderstrom EL, Brandl DG, Mackey B (1992) High tem-
perature combined with carbon dioxide enriched or
reduced oxygen atmospheres for control of Tribolium
castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J
Stored Prod Res 28:235–238
Sonavane GS, Sarveiya VP, Kasture VS, Kasture SB
(2002) Anxiogenic activity of Myristica fragrans
seeds. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 71:239–244
SPSS Inc (1989–2002) SPSS for windows. Chicago, Illi-
nois, USA
Statsoft, (1998) STATISTICA for Windows (Computer
program electronic manual). StatSoft Inc, Tulsa
TEAP (2000) UNEP Technology and Economic Assess-
ment Panel (TEAP). Report of the Technology and Eco-
nomic Assessment Panel, April 2000. UNEP, Nairobi
Van SGJE (2004) Guide to fumigation under gas-proof
sheets. Food and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations, Rome
Weaver DK, Subramanyam B (2000) Botanicals. In: Sub-
ramanyam B, Hagstrum DW (eds) Alternatives to pes-
ticides in stored-product IPM. Kluwer, Massachusetts,
pp 303–320
White NDG, Leesch JG (1995) Chemical control. In: Sub-
ramanyam B, Hagstrum DW (eds) Integrated manage-
ment of insects in stored products. Marcel Dekker,
New York, pp 287–330
Yildirim E, Ozbek H, Aslan I (2001) Pests of stored prod-
ucts. Ataturk University Agricultural Faculty Press,
No. 191, Erzurum, p 117