Unit 1 Review • MHR 103COMMUNICATING55.Use structural formulas to draw one polar
molecule and one non-polar molecule. Explain
how the bonding electrons contribute to the
polar and non-polar nature of the molecules.
56.Make a chart listing the major macromolecules,
an example for each, and a list of the
functional groups that are characteristic of each
macromolecule.
57.Use diagrams to show how a phospholipid can
be partially dissolved in water.
58.Explain how functional groups on glucose are
important for the condensation reactions that
build a polysaccharide.
59.A polypeptide consists of a long chain of
amino acids. Some amino acids have polar or
ionizable R-groups while other amino acids
have non-polar R-groups. Use one or more
diagrams to show how the orientation of
R-groups can make a polypeptide insoluble.
60.Make a series of diagrams showing how ATP
stores and releases energy in biological reactions.
61.The transition reaction is also called oxidative
decarboxylation. Use diagrams to explain what
this means.
62.Make diagrams to represent aerobic cellular
respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration.
Indicate how matter is cycled.
63.Make a diagram of the chloroplast and indicate
where each of the following processes takes
place: hydrolysis, ATP is produced, NADPH
is produced, PGAL is produced.
64.Make a diagram of a mitochondrion and a
chloroplast. Show where specific products of
metabolism are formed. Draw arrows to link
the products of one organelle to the reactants
of the other organelle.MAKING CONNECTIONS65.Enzymes increase the rates of reactions that
take place in the cell. Cells live in near
constant conditions. In particular, the
temperature of a cell is moderate and steady.
The commercial production of biologically
important molecules takes place in conditions
that are often very different from cell
conditions. For example, industrial production
of biological molecules often takes place at
relatively high temperatures.
(a)How do enzymes help prevent dramatic
changes in the cell’s condition?
(b)How could enzymes help companies that
produce biological molecules save energy?
(c)Identify a disadvantage to commercial
molecule production that is notsimilar to
cellular molecule production.
66.Glucose is the final product of photosynthesis.
Consider that glucose is like a compressed
spring. Explain how releasing the spring is like
cellular respiration. What factors contribute to
the loss of energy in a spring? What factors
contribute to the loss of energy in cellular
respiration?
67.Identify three snack options: one that is high in
fat, one that is high in protein, and one that is
high in carbohydrates. Explain how each snack
contributes to specific metabolic conditions in
the body.